Table 3.

Hyperparameter optimization for ML algorithms

ML algorithms	Parameters	Value range	Optimal value
NB	Var smoothing	{1e−5, 1e−10, 1e−20}	1e−20
KNN	K	{5, 10, 50, 100}	5
DT	Criterion	{‘gini’, ‘random’}	‘gini’
MLP	Activation function	{‘relu’, ‘logistic’,’tanh’}	‘relu’
SVM	Kernel	{‘rbf’, ‘linear’}	‘rbf’
	C	{100, 1000, 10,000, 100,000}	100,000
	γ	{10, 100, 1000, 10,000}	10,000