Table 4.
Major COVID-19 candidate vaccine platforms in clinical evaluation (Produced with permission (66).
| Vaccine name | Vaccine platform | Developer | Clinical trial phase | Clinical trial registrations |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BNT162b1/BNT162b2 | RNA-based vaccine | Pfizer-BioNTech, Fosun Pharma | Phases I–III in USA, Germany, and China | NCT04368728, NCT04380701, NCT04523571 |
| mRNA-1273 | RNA-based vaccine | Moderna, NIAID | Phases I–III in USA | NCT04470427, NCT04405076, NCT04283461 |
| INO-4800 | DNA plasmid vaccine | Inovio Pharmaceuticals, International Vaccine Institute | Phases I–III in USA | NCT04447781, NCT04336410 |
| GX-19 | DNA plasmid vaccine | Genexine Consortium | Phases I and II in South Korea | NCT04445389 |
| ChAdOx1 nCov-19 (AZD1222) | Adenovirus vector, non-replicating | University of Oxford, AstraZeneca | Phases I–III in UK, South Africa, USA and Brazil | NCT04324606, ISRCTN89951424, EudraCT2020-001228-32, PACTR202006922165132, EudraCT2020-001072-15 |
| Ad26.CoV2-S | Adenovirus vector, non-replicating | Johnson & Johnson | Phases I–III in USA and Belgium | NCT04436276 NCT04505722 NCT04535453 NCT04509947 |
| Ad5-nCoV | Adenovirus vector, non-replicating | CanSino Biologics Inc., Beijing Institute of Biotechnology | Phases I and II; phase II studies in China and Canada | ChiCTR2000031781, ChiCTR2000030906, NCT04341389 NCT04313127 |
| Gam-COVID-Vac | Adenovirus vector, non-replicating | Health Ministry of the Russian Federation | Phases I–III in Russia | NCT04530396 NCT04436471 NCT04437875 |
| PiCoVacc | Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 | Sinovac Biotech | Phases I–III; phase III in China and Brazil | NCT04456595, NCT04383574, NCT04352608 |
| COVID-19 vaccine | Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 | Sinopharm, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd | Phases I–III in China | ChiCTR2000034780, ChiCTR2000031809 |
| BBIBP-CorV | Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 | Sinopharm, Beijing Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd | Phases I–III in China and United Arab Emirates | ChiCTR2000034780, ChiCTR2000032459 |
| SCB-2019 | Protein subunit | Clover Pharmaceuticals,GlaxoSmithKline, Dynavax | Phase I in Australia | NCT04405908 |
| NVX-CoV2373 | Protein subunit | Novavax | Phases I–III in Australia, USA and UK | NCT04368988 NCT04583995 NCT04533399 |