FIGURE 2.

The under-explored parts of the human genome. Most cancer resistance mechanism studies have focused on the non-repetitive protein-coding parts of the human genome (2%, red). However, a large part of the human genome consists of non-coding sequences that comprise the intergenic DNA, centromeric and telomeric repeats (light brown) as well as integrated viruses and transposable elements (TEs) that have been replicated in the human genome during evolution (nearly 50% of the genome). The non-LTR TEs represent almost one-third of the human genome and include non-autonomous Short Interspersed Nuclear Elements (SINEs; grey) and autonomous Long Interspersed Nuclear Elements (LINEs; yellow). LTR TEs include human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs, light blue). There are also remnants of DNA transposons (green).