Table 1.
Genetic and epigenetic variation among populations of different habitat types, among and within studied populations. AMOVA; p-values were calculated with 999 iteration steps; ***p ≤ 0.001. d.f., degree of freedom; SS, sum of squares; MS, mean squares; Est. Var., estimated variation; %, the proportion of genetic variation. h-subepiloci, CHG-hemimethylated; m-subepiloci, CG-methylated; u-subepiloci, non-methylated.
| AMOVA | d.f. | SS | MS | Est. Var. | % | ΦPT | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AFLP loci (n = 124) | among habitats | 1 | 46.54 | 46.54 | 0.36 | 3 | 0.070*** |
| among populations | 8 | 140.50 | 17.56 | 0.44 | 4 | ||
| within populations | 150 | 1584.44 | 10.56 | 10.56 | 93 | ||
| MSAP | |||||||
| all subepiloci (n = 408) | among habitats | 1 | 109.89 | 109.89 | 0.42 | 1 | 0.050*** |
| among populations | 8 | 608.23 | 76.03 | 1.93 | 4 | ||
| within populations | 150 | 6767.38 | 45.12 | 45.12 | 95 | ||
| h-subepiloci (n = 116) | among habitats | 1 | 24.20 | 24.20 | 0.16 | 2 | 0.080*** |
| among populations | 8 | 92.50 | 11.56 | 0.35 | 6 | ||
| within populations | 150 | 885.88 | 5.91 | 5.91 | 92 | ||
| m-subepiloci (n = 144) | among habitats | 1 | 38.63 | 38.63 | 0.11 | 1 | 0.039*** |
| among populations | 8 | 240.40 | 30.05 | 0.67 | 3 | ||
| within populations | 150 | 2897.25 | 19.32 | 19.32 | 96 | ||
| u-subepiloci (n = 148) | among habitats | 1 | 47.06 | 47.06 | 0.16 | 1 | 0.051*** |
| among populations | 8 | 275.33 | 34.42 | 0.91 | 4 | ||
| within populations | 150 | 2984.25 | 19.90 | 19.90 | 95 | ||