TABLE 2.
Clinical and laboratory parameters among hospitalized COVID‐19 versus kidney disease patients
| KD (N = 312) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total N = 6078 | No KD (N = 5766) | CKD N = 100 (1.6%) | AKI N = 212 (3.5%) | p value d | |
| Admission vital signs, median (IQR) | |||||
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 128.0 (117.0, 139.0) | 128.0 (117.0, 138.0) | 141.0 (125.0, 157.0) | 132.0 (118.0, 147.0) | .0001 a |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 78.0 (70.0, 86.0) | 78.0 (70.0,86.0) | 75.0 (67.0, 84.0) | 78.0 (88.0, 87.0) | .1538 a |
| 85.0 (76.0,94.0) | |||||
| Fever (≥37.5 °C), n (%) | 549 (9.1) | 748 (13.0) | 25 (25.0) | 58 (27.4) | <.0001 b |
| Tachycardia (≥100 bpm), n (%) | 827 (13.6) | 466 (8.1) | 25 (25.0) | 54 (25.5) | <.0001 b |
| Tachypnoea (≥21 bpm), n (%) | 431 (7.1) | 336 (5.8) | 25 (25.0) | 70 (33.0) | <.0001 b |
| Laboratory tests, median (IQR) | |||||
| Haemoglobin (g/dl) | 14.4 (13.2, 15.4) | 14.4 (13.2,15.4) | 11.8 (9.8, 13.3) | 13.9 (12.7, 15.2) | .0001 a |
| Platelet (×109/L) | 264 (219, 316) | 267 (221317) | 218 (173, 279) | 216 (167, 276) | .0001 a |
| Absolute neutrophil count (cells/ul) | 4.34 (3.20, 5.70) | 4.30 (3.20,5.69) | 5.20 (3.40, 7.80) | 4.80 (3.50, 6.90) | .0001 a |
| Absolute lymphocyte count (cells/ul) | 2.20 (1.62, 2.80) | 2.20 (1.70,2.80) | 1.30 (0.90, 1.82) | 1.40 (1.01, 2.00) | .0001 a |
| Serum urea (mmol/L) | 3.7 (3.0, 4.6) | 3.6 (3.0,4.4) | 12.4 (7.7, 20.1) | 5.5 (4.5, 8.3) | .0001 a |
| Serum sodium (mmol/L) | 139 (138, 141) | 139 (138141) | 137 (133, 139) | 137 (134, 139) | .0001 a |
| Serum potassium (mmol/L) | 3.8 (3.5, 4.1) | 3.8 (3.5,4.0) | 4.3 (3.8, 4.8) | 3.9 (3.5, 4.3) | .0001 a |
| Serum creatinine (μmol/L) | 78 (65, 90) | 77 (64,88) | 257 (154, 682) | 115 (97, 132) | .0001 a |
| Medication, n (%) | |||||
| Steroid | 55 (0.9) | 27 (0.5) | 11 (11.0) | 17 (8.0) | <.0001 c |
| Antiviral drugs | 858 (14.1) | 697 (12.1) | 54 (54.0) | 107 (50.5) | <.0001 c |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 1725 (28.4) | 1573 (27.3) | 50 (50.0) | 102 (48.1) | <.0001 b |
| Chloroquine | 89 (1.5) | 76 (1.3) | 3 (3.0) | 10 (4.7) | .001 c |
| Tocilizumab | 7 (0.1) | 3 (0.1) | 3 (3.0) | 1 (0.5) | <.0001 c |
| Complications | |||||
| Liver injury | 411 (6.8) | 320 (5.6) | 20 (20.0) | 71 (33.5) | <.0001 b |
| Acute respiratory distress syndrome | 147 (2.4) | 38 (0.7) | 27 (27.0) | 82 (38.7) | <.0001 b |
| Bacteraemia | 45 (0.7) | 7 (0.1) | 10 (10.0) | 28 (13.2) | <.0001 c |
| Arrythmia | 44 (0.7) | 11 (0.2) | 13 (13.0) | 20 (9.4) | <.0001 c |
| Heart failure | 23 (0.4) | 7 (0.1) | 7 (7.0) | 9 (4.3) | <.0001 c |
| Coagulopathy | 13 (0.2) | 2 (0.0) | 2 (2.0) | 9 (4.3) | <.0001 c |
| Outcome | |||||
| Duration of hospitalization, days | 11 (8,15) | 11 (8,14) | 14 (10, 28) | 14 (9, 24) | .0001 a |
| Admission to ICU | 207 (3.4) | 74 (1.3) | 39 (39.0) | 94 (44.3) | <.0001 b |
| Mechanical ventilation | 149 (2.5) | 31 (0.5) | 32 (32.0) | 86 (40.6) | <.0001 b |
| Death (CFR) | 77 (1.3) | 15 (0.3) | 15 (15.0) | 47 (22.2) | <.0001 b |
Abbreviations: AKI, acute kidney injury; BP, blood pressure; CFR, case fatality rate; CKD, chronic kidney disease; ICU, intensive care unit; IQR, interquartile range; SD, standard deviation.
a
Kruskal‐Wallis test for continuous variables.
b
Chi squared test.
c
Fisher's exact test for categorical variables.
d
p value is obtained by comparing Non kidney disease patients, CKD patients and AKI patients.