TABLE 2.
Adjusted mean HbA1c at diagnosis and at follow‐up, and adjusted daily insulin dose at follow‐up of children and adolescents with new‐onset type 1 diabetes in 2020 versus 2018/2019
| In 2020—adjusted mean (95% CI) | In 2018/2019—adjusted mean (95% CI) | Absolute difference 2020 versus 2018/2019—adjusted mean (95% CI) | p‐value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. HbA1c (in %) at diabetes diagnosis—the whole year | ||||
| All patients | 11.55 (11.47–11.63) | 11.22 (11.16–11.29) | 0.33 (0.23–0.43) | <0.001 |
| Females | 11.76 (11.63–11.88) | 11.49 (11.39–11.58) | 0.27 (0.11–0.43) | <0.001 |
| Males | 11.39 (11.28–11.49) | 11.01 (10.93–11.09) | 0.38 (0.25–0.51) | <0.001 |
| <6 years | 10.43 (10.29–10.57) | 10.22 (10.12–10.33) | 0.21 (0.03–0.39) | 0.020 |
| 6–11.9 years | 11.76 (11.63–11.88) | 11.36 (11.26–11.45) | 0.40 (0.24–0.56) | <0.001 |
| 12–17.9 years | 12.16 (12.01–12.32) | 11.83 (11.71–11.94) | 0.34 (0.14–0.53) | <0.001 |
| B. HbA1c (in %) at diabetes diagnosis—the four pandemic‐related periods | ||||
| January–February | 11.27 (11.01–11.53) | 11.13 (10.93–11.32) | 0.15 (−0.23–0.52) | >0.99 |
| March–May | 11.51 (11.28–11.74) | 11.24 (11.06–11.41) | 0.27 (−0.06–0.60) | 0.17 |
| June–September | 11.76 (11.57–11.96) | 11.40 (11.24–11.56) | 0.36 (0.08–0.65) | 0.001 |
| October–December | 11.52 (11.29–11.75) | 11.08 (10.91–11.25) | 0.44 (0.11–0.77) | <0.001 |
| C. HbA1c (in %) at follow‐up a —the whole year | ||||
| All patients | 6.77 (6.73–6.80) | 6.75 (6.72–6.75) | 0.02 (−0.02–0.07) | 0.38 |
| Females | 6.84 (6.78–6.89) | 6.80 (6.76–6.84) | 0.03 (−0.03–0.10) | 0.31 |
| Males | 6.71 (6.66–6.76) | 6.70 (6.66–6.74) | 0.01 (−0.05–0.07) | 0.79 |
| <6 years | 7.13 (7.07–7.20) | 7.10 (7.05–7.15) | 0.03 (−0.05–0.11) | 0.49 |
| 6–11.9 years | 6.71 (6.66–6.76) | 6.67 (6.63–6.71) | 0.04 (−0.02–0.10) | 0.19 |
| 12–17.9 years | 6.54 (6.46–6.61) | 6.55 (6.50–6.61) | −0.02 (−0.11–0.07) | 0.69 |
| D. HbA1c (in %) at follow‐up a —the four pandemic‐related periods (depending on time of diabetes diagnosis) | ||||
| January–February | 6.67 (6.55–6.79) | 6.68 (6.59–6.76) | −0.01 (−0.17–0.16) | >0.99 |
| March–May | 6.80 (6.70–6.90) | 6.69 (6.61–6.76) | 0.11 (−0.03–0.26) | 0.35 |
| June–September | 6.79 (6.71–6.88) | 6.82 (6.75–6.89) | −0.03 (−0.15–0.10) | >0.99 |
| October–December | 6.77 (6.66–6.87) | 6.77 (6.69–6.85) | 0.00 (−0.15–0.14) | >0.99 |
| E. Daily insulin dose (in IU/kg) at follow‐up a —the whole year | ||||
| All patients | 0.70 (0.68–0.71) | 0.62 (0.61–0.63) | 0.08 (0.06–0.10) | <0.001 |
| Females | 0.73 (0.71–0.75) | 0.64 (0.63–0.66) | 0.09 (0.06–0.12) | <0.001 |
| Males | 0.67 (0.65–0.69) | 0.60 (0.58–0.61) | 0.07 (0.05–0.09) | <0.001 |
| <6 years | 0.67 (0.64–0.69) | 0.59 (0.57–0.60) | 0.08 (0.05–0.11) | <0.001 |
| 6–11 years | 0.70 (0.67–0.72) | 0.61 (0.59–0.63) | 0.09 (0.06–0.12) | <0.001 |
| 12–17 years | 0.72 (0.70–0.74) | 0.65 (0.64–0.67) | 0.07 (0.04–0.10) | <0.001 |
| F. Daily insulin dose (in IU/kg) at follow‐up a —the four pandemic‐related periods (depending on time of diabetes diagnosis) | ||||
| January–February | 0.65 (0.60–0.69) | 0.61 (0.57–0.64) | 0.04 (−0.02–0.11) | 0.47 |
| March–May | 0.64 (0.61–0.68) | 0.60 (0.57–0.63) | 0.05 (−0.01–0.10) | 0.17 |
| June–September | 0.74 (0.70–0.77) | 0.63 (0.61–0.66) | 0.10 (0.06–0.15) | <0.001 |
| October–December | 0.73 (0.69–0.77) | 0.63 (0.60–0.65) | 0.10 (0.05–0.16) | <0.001 |
Note: Multivariable linear regression analysis, adjusted for age group (<6, 6–<12, and 12–<18 years), sex, and immigrant background (patient or at least one parent born outside Germany). Confidence intervals for estimated period‐specific values were adjusted according to the Bonferroni method, and corresponding p‐values according to the Holm method.
a
Mean (standard deviation) time after diabetes diagnosis was 4.7 (1.0) months in both cohorts.
The significant of bold values as results with the bold p‐values.