TABLE 2.
Respondents' perceived access to and utilisation of COVID‐19 testing
| Rural (Banten, North Sulawesi) | Urban (Jakarta) | Sub‐total (Rural and urban) | Total (N = 630) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Banten (13,504 confirmed cases) a | North Sulawesi (5965 confirmed cases) a | Jakarta (29,633 confirmed cases) a | Rural & Urban | ||||||
| Female (n = 106) | Male (n = 104) | Female (n = 109) | Male (n = 101) | Female (n = 103) | Male (n = 107) | Female (n = 318) | Male (n = 312) | ||
| Feeling at risk | |||||||||
| No risk | 10 (9.43) | 13 (12.50) | 7 (6.42) | 2 (1.98) | 7 (6.80) | 9 (8.41) | 24 (7.55) | 24 (7.69) | 48 (7.62) |
| Low risk | 46 (43.40) | 31 (29.81) | 24 (22.02) | 20 (19.80) | 14 (13.59) | 10 (9.35) | 84 (26.42) | 61 (19.55) | 145 (23.02) |
| Mild risk | 28 (26.42) | 36 (34.62) | 51 (46.79) | 54 (53.47) | 29 (28.16) | 28 (26.17) | 108 (33.96) | 118 (37.82) | 226 (35.87) |
| Moderate risk | 17 (16.04) | 17 (16.35) | 12 (11.01) | 14 (13.86) | 21 (20.39) | 20 (18.69) | 50 (15.72) | 51 (16.35) | 101 (16.03) |
| High risk | 5 (4.72) | 7 (6.73) | 15 (13.76) | 11 (10.89) | 32 (31.07) | 40 (37.38) | 52 (16.35) | 58 (18.59) | 110 (17.46) |
| Household members | |||||||||
| Children only | 13 (12.26) | 10 (9.62) | 14 (12.84) | 9 (8.91) | 2 (1.90) | 1 (0.90) | 29 (9.12) | 20 (6.41) | 49 (7.78) |
| Children and elders | 13 (12.26) | 2 (1.92) | 0 (0.00) | 4 (3.96) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 13 (4.09) | 6 (1.92) | 19 (3.02) |
| Children, elders and chronic disease (CD) | 5 (4.72) | 5 (4.81) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 5 (1.57) | 5 (1.60) | 10 (1.59) |
| Elders only | 14 (13.21) | 11 (10.58) | 17 (15.60) | 13 (12.87) | 8 (7.80) | 6 (5.60) | 39 (12.26) | 30 (9.62) | 69 (10.95) |
| Elders and CD | 20 (18.87) | 11 (10.58) | 2 (1.83) | 1 (0.99) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (0.90) | 22 (6.92) | 13 (4.17) | 35 (5.56) |
| CD only | 2 (1.89) | 4 (3.85) | 4 (3.67) | 6 (5.94) | 4 (3.90) | 2 (1.90) | 10 (3.14) | 12 (3.85) | 22 (3.49) |
| Children and CD | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (0.92) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (0.31) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (0.16) |
| Previously had COVID‐19 | |||||||||
| Yes, confirmed by test | 3 (2.83) | 2 (1.92) | 2 (1.83) | 0 (0.00) | 4 (3.88) | 9 (8.41) | 9 (2.83) | 11 (3.53) | 20 (3.17) |
| Yes, confirmed by a healthcare worker | 0 (0.00) | 1 (0.96) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 6 (5.83) | 7 (6.54) | 6 (1.89) | 8 (2.56) | 14 (2.22) |
| Feeling they cannot access testing when needed | |||||||||
| Never | 102 (96.23) | 100 (96.15) | 105 (96.33) | 90 (89.11) | 97 (94.17) | 103 (96.26) | 304 (95.60) | 293 (93.91) | 597 (94.76) |
| At least once | 3 (3.77) | 3 (3.84) | 4 (3.64) | 9 (10.99) | 6 (5.83) | 4 (3.74) | 13 (4.09) | 16 (5.13) | 29 (4.60) |
| Previously tested for COVID‐19 | |||||||||
| Never | 76 (71.70) | 64 (61.54) | 88 (80.73) | 78 (77.23) | 54 (52.43) | 49 (45.79) | 218 (68.55) | 191 (61.22) | 409 (64.92) |
| At least once | 30 (28.30) | 40 (38.46) | 21 (19.27) | 23 (22.77) | 49 (47.57) | 58 (54.21) | 99 (31.13) | 121 (38.78) | 220 (34.92) |
| For the respondents who had ever tested for COVID‐19 (n=) | 29 | 40 | 21 | 23 | 49 | 58 | 99 | 121 | 220 |
| Months ago (mean, SD) | 3.241 (0.87) | 3.19 (0.92) | 3.19 (0.87) | 3.30 (0.86) | 3.1 (3.57) | 3.1 (3.37) | 2.8 (3.21) | 2.5 (2.78) | 2.6 (2.98) |
| – | |||||||||
| Very convenient | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (2.04) | 2 (3.45) | 1 (1.01) | 2 (1.65) | 3 (1.36) |
| Convenient | 15 (51.72) | 25 (62.50) | 10 (47.62) | 13 (56.52) | 11 (22.45) | 26 (44.83) | 36 (36.36) | 64 (52.89) | 100 (45.45) |
| Neutral | 6 (20.69) | 5 (12.50) | 5 (23.81) | 4 (17.39) | 7 (14.29) | 17 (29.31) | 18 (18.18) | 26 (21.49) | 44 (20.00) |
| Inconvenient | 8 (27.59) | 9 (22.50) | 6 (28.57) | 6 (26.09) | 26 (53.06) | 11 (18.97) | 40 (40.40) | 26 (21.49) | 66 (30.00) |
| Very inconvenient | 0 (0.00) | 1 (2.50) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 4 (8.16) | 2 (3.45) | 4 (4.04) | 3 (2.48) | 7 (3.18) |
| – | |||||||||
| Result in less than 1 h | 5 (17.24) | 11 (27.50) | 13 (61.90) | 15 (65.22) | 8 (16.33) | 12 (20.69) | 26 (26.26) | 38 (31.40) | 64 (29.09) |
| Result the same day | 20 (68.97) | 21 (52.50) | 2 (9.52) | 5 (21.74) | 27 (55.10) | 25 (43.10) | 49 (49.49) | 51 (42.15) | 100 (45.45) |
| The following day | 1 (3.45) | 1 (2.50) | 1 (4.76) | 0 (0.00) | 7 (14.29) | 13 (22.41) | 9 (9.09) | 14 (11.57) | 23 (10.45) |
| Two days later | 0 (0.00) | 1 (2.50) | 1 (4.76) | 0 (0.00) | 3 (6.12) | 2 (3.45) | 4 (4.04) | 3 (2.48) | 7 (3.18) |
| 3–7 days later | 3 (10.34) | 3 (7.50) | 1 (4.76) | 1 (4.35) | 4 (8.16) | 5 (8.62) | 8 (8.08) | 9 (7.44) | 17 (7.73) |
| More than 1 week later | 0 (0.00) | 3 (7.50) | 3 (14.29) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (1.72) | 3 (3.03) | 4 (3.31) | 7 (3.18) |
| Never received the result | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 2 (8.70) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 2 (1.65) | 2 (0.91) |
| – | |||||||||
| Paid for the test | 13 (44.83) | 17 (42.50) | 7 (33.33) | 4 (18.18) | 29 (59.18) | 36 (62.07) | 49 (49.49) | 57 (47.50) | 106 (48.40) |
| Payment, USD (median, IQR) | 12.25 (2.1) | 10.5 (1.75) | 17.5 (3.5) | 15.75 (3.5) | 11.2 (3.5) | 10.5 (4.55) | 12.25 (7) | 10.5 (2.1) | 10.5 (3.5) |
a
Number of confirmed cases during the survey period (31st July–16th August) in the setting, as per [15]. The First ‘–’ is “Perceived convenience of last test”, The Second ‘–’ is “Turnaround time of last test”, and The Third ‘–’ is “Payment done for last lest”.