TABLE 5.

Articles on nanoparticles with carboxymethyl chitosan, main findings.

Chitosan characteristics	Nanoparticle composition	Active ingredient	Cell line/species	Toxicity assay	Cytotoxicity results	References
Chitosan 50 kDa, DDA 93.15%, 170 kDa, DDA 92.56%, 820 kDa, DDA 90.14%	Oleoyl-carboxymethyl-chitosan	Fluorescein	Caco-2 cells	MTT assay	Unloaded NPs in all tested concentrations (20, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1,000 µg/ml) showed no cytotoxicity.	Liu et al. (2012)
Chitosan 50 kDa DDA 93.15%	Oleoyl-carboxymethy-chitosan and Oleoyl-carboxymethy-chitosan/hyaluronic acid	Plasmid DNA	Caco-2 cells	MTT assay	Both DNA-loaded NPs showed >90% cell viability for concentrations up to 200 µg/ml.	Liu et al. (2013)
Chitosan medium MW	Carboxymethyl chitosan-2, 2’ ethylenedioxy bis-ethylamine-folate	Vancomycin	NIH 3T3 cells	MTT assay	Unloaded NPs showed no cytotoxicity for concentrations up to 25 µg/ml.	Chakraborty et al. (2010)
Chitosan 53.0 kDa DDA 80%–85%	SiO2-Carboxymethyl chitosan-N-2-Hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride	Newcastle disease virus	DF-1 cells	CCK-8 assay	Unloaded NPs had an overall survival rate >80% for concentrations up to 1,000 µg/ml.	Li et al. (2021)
Chitosan medium MW	Carboxymethyl chitosan-2, 2’ ethylenedioxy bis-ethylamine-folate		HeLa cells Swiss male mice	MTT assay Acute toxicity	In vitro: NPs showed no cytotoxicity for concentrations up to 25 µg/ml.	Chakraborty et al. (2012)
					In vivo: The NPs did not cause any mortality up to 1,000 mg/kg and were considered safe.
Chitosan medium MW	Carboxymethyl chitosan-2, 2’ ethylenedioxy bis-ethylamine-folate		Swiss male mice	Histology Biochemical	Treatment with NPs 1 mg/kg bw/day for 7 days did not cause any kind of tissue damage, alteration of oxidant-antioxidant status or DNA damage of the experimental group.	Chakraborty et al. (2011)