Tab. 1:

Examples of ENMs of agency interest

Agency	Material	Application/uses
CPSC	Carbon nanotubes	Batteries, fabrics, films, composites/coatings, electronics, filtration, inks and filaments, sensors
	Complex mixtures of carbon nanotubes, metal ENMs, and other non-nano materials	3D-printing and laser printer emissions
	Fullerenes	Batteries, cements, ceramics, coatings, electronics, flame retardants, glass, inks, paints, plastics, rubber
	Graphene	Filters/sorbents, surfactants/lubricants, batteries, lighting, electronics, coatings, fabrics, rubber products, inks, sensors
	Metal oxides (e.g., ZnO, CeO2, Fe3O4, TiO2)	Coatings for paint and wood treatments, fuel cells, abrasives, sensors, magnetic coatings, conductive films, composites
	Nanoclays	Adhesives, ceramics, coatings, cleaners, flame retardants, inks/pigments
	Nanosilicates	Cement, paints, adhesives, rubber, coatings, sensors
	Nanosilver, micronized copper	Textiles, cleaners, paints and coatings, sealants, filters, conductive inks
EPA Office of Pesticide Programs	Micronized copper	Paints and coatings, pressure-treated lumber
	Nanosilver	Textiles, plastic films, coatings, adhesives, pool treatments
	Nanosilica (Nanometals bound to silica or nano-sized silica)	Textile treatments and possible nanocarriers
	Metal oxides	Material preservatives, and possible photocatalytic device usesa
	Nanocoppera	Possible wood treatment uses, possible paint uses
	Mixtures of nanometalsa	Possible glass implementation
EPA Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics	Carbon nanotubes	Conductive plastics, batteries, flow and fuel cells, composite materials, flat-panel displays, micro- and nanoelectronics, ultra-capacitors, atomic force microscope tips, biosensors
	Graphene and graphene oxides	Membranes, sensors, electronics, composites, coatings
	Metal oxides (e.g., ZnO, TiO2)	Paints, coatings, adhesives, paper, plastics, rubber, printing inks, textiles, ceramics, floor coverings, roofing materials, water treatment agents, automotive products, catalysts
	Quantum dots (e.g., CdSe/ZnS)	Light emitting diodes, solar cells, photodetectors
FDA Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition	Boron nitride, nanocellulose, nanoclays, nanocopper, nanosilver, TiN	Food packaging
	TiO2, SiO2	Food packaging, direct food additive
CDC/NIOSH Health Effects Laboratory Division	Carbon-based nanomaterials: carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofiber, carbon black, graphene	Electronics, energy storage, automotive applications, structural engineering, pigments, sensors, medicine, etc.
	Complex mixtures containing nanometals and carbon in advanced manufacturing settings	3D printing
	ENM enabled composites including plastics and concrete, and coatings	Thermoplastics used for automotive parts, construction materials, optical and medical devices, circuitry, food and beverage packaging, high-pressure applications, paints and sealants, anti-corrosives, consumer products, etc.
	Metal and metal oxide nanoparticles (i.e., silver, TiO2, NiO, CuO, CeO2 with and without SiO2 coating, Fe2O3 with and without SiO2 coating)	Semiconductors, wafer polishing process called chemical mechanical planarization, mechanical glass polishing applications, electrical applications, cosmetics, proficient catalysts, medicine, disinfectants, imaging techniques, etc.
	Nanoclays	Plastic moldings, aircraft and automobile body cladding, thermoplastic, paints, waste treatments, etc.
	Non-carbon-based organics: i.e., nanocellulose	Food emulsions, biomedical applications including tissue replacements and drug delivery wood adhesives, water treatment, microbe and virus decontamination, air purification, etc.
USDA Forest Service Forest Products Laboratory	Nanocellulose	Paper, food packaging, lightweight automobile materials, concrete, zero-emission coatings, oil drilling, energy-efficient nanocellulose production, international standards development

^aRepresents emerging areas for EMN use as an antimicrobial pesticide.

CdSe, cadmium selenide; CeO₂, cerium(IV) oxide; Fe₃O₄, iron (II,III) oxide; SiO₂, silicon dioxide; TiN, titanium nitride, TiO₂, titanium dioxide; ZnO, zinc oxide