Table 2.
Subgroup analyses and meta-regressions for the pooled prevalence of overall IPV
|
Subgroup analysis |
Meta-regression analysis |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of studies | Sample size | Prevalence of IPV, % (95% CI) | I2 (%) | β (SE) | Odds ratio (95% CI) | p value | R2 (%) | ||
| Past 12 months | |||||||||
| Year | |||||||||
| 2010 and before | 4 | 1659 | 45·0 (17·5–76·0) | 99·1 | Ref | Ref | Ref | <0·01 | |
| After 2010 | 3 | 1259 | 25·9 (13·3–44·2) | 96·9 | −0·195 (0·212) | 0·823 (0·543–1·247) | 0·357 | .. | |
| Infertility type | |||||||||
| Primary | 3 | 1577 | 29·2 (8·8–63·6) | 99·3 | Ref | Ref | Ref | <0·01 | |
| Primary or secondary | 4 | 1341 | 41·6 (20·2–66·6) | 98·0 | 0·092 (0·226) | 1·096 (0·705–1·704) | 0·684 | .. | |
| Region | |||||||||
| Africa | 1 | 373 | 35·9 (31·2–40·9) | .. | Ref | Ref | Ref | <0·01 | |
| West Asia | 3 | 1256 | 55·4 (16·1–88·9) | 99·3 | 0·188 (0·356) | 1·207 (0·601–2·425) | 0·598 | .. | |
| South Asia | 1 | 112 | 30·4 (22·6–39·5) | .. | −0·056 (0·438) | 0·946 (0·401–2·231) | 0·899 | .. | |
| East Asia | 2 | 1177 | 17·2 (6·3–39·1) | 98·0 | −0·172 (0·378) | 0·842 (0·401–1·766) | 0·648 | .. | |
| Risk of bias | |||||||||
| High | 3 | 594 | 62·5 (33·3–84·8) | 96·5 | Ref | Ref | Ref | 35·74 | |
| Moderate | 1 | 774 | 15·0 (12·6–17·7) | .. | −0·451 (0·253) | 0·637 (0·388–1·046) | 0·075 | .. | |
| Low | 3 | 1550 | 22·5 (10·9–40·7) | 97·9 | −0·357 (0·180) | 0·670 (0·492–0·996) | 0·047 | .. | |
| Sample size | 7 | 2918 | .. | .. | −0·001 (0·000) | 0·999 (0·999–1·000) | 0·018 | 44·17 | |
| Lifetime | |||||||||
| Year | |||||||||
| 2010 and before | 3 | 722 | 14·9 (3·0–49·7) | 97·6 | Ref | Ref | Ref | 39·46 | |
| After 2010 | 9 | 1691 | 60·4 (45·7–73·4) | 96·4 | 0·355 (0·127) | 1·426 (1·112–1·829) | 0·005 | .. | |
| Infertility type | |||||||||
| Primary | 6 | 694 | 53·3 (37·0–68·9) | 93·0 | Ref | Ref | Ref | <0·01 | |
| Primary or secondary | 6 | 1719 | 41·0 (18·1–68·6) | 98·6 | −0·055 (0·146) | 0·946 (0·711–1·260) | 0·706 | .. | |
| Region | |||||||||
| Africa | 2 | 270 | 32·6 (27·3–38·4) | 0·0 | Ref | Ref | Ref | 50·95 | |
| West Asia | 6 | 1413 | 65·8 (47·7–80·3) | 97·2 | 0·303 (0·140) | 1·354 (1·029–1·781) | 0·031 | .. | |
| South Asia | 3 | 230 | 50·0 (43·6–56·4) | 0·0 | 0·163 (0·160) | 1·177 (0·860–1·611) | 0·308 | .. | |
| East Asia | 1 | 500 | 1·8 (0·9–3·4) | .. | −0·313 (0·207) | 0·731 (0·487–1·097) | 0·131 | .. | |
| Risk of bias | |||||||||
| High | 7 | 1560 | 37·1 (17·0–63·0) | 98·3 | Ref | Ref | Ref | <0·01 | |
| Moderate | 4 | 430 | 59·8 (38·0–78·3) | 93·3 | 0·161 (0·155) | 1·175 (0·867–1·592) | 0·298 | .. | |
| Low | 1 | 423 | 67·4 (62·8–71·7) | .. | 0·253 (0·260) | 1·288 (0·774–2·144) | 0·331 | .. | |
| Sample size | 12 | 2413 | .. | .. | <–0·0001 (0·001) | 1·000 (0·998–1·002) | 0·986 | <0·01 | |
Random-effects meta-regression model, with restricted maximum likelihood method used. Detailed results of each subtype are given in appendix 2 (pp 15–28). IPV=intimate partner violence.