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. 2022 May 18;22:1004. doi: 10.1186/s12889-022-13379-3

Table 2.

Distribution panel respondents based on education attainment by sex and cohort from 5 waves of IFLS in 1993–2014 (N = 14,810)

Never/Not completed primary Primary Secondary Tertiary Total
Sex ***
 Female 24.5 47.45 24.52 3.52 100
 Male 11.06 48.78 33.69 6.48 100
Cohort—10 years interval ***
 1964–1973 5.52 41.1 46.11 7.27 100
 1954–1963 12.05 56.45 26.48 5.03 100
 1944–1953 17.73 53.88 24.08 4.31 100
 1934–1943 36.7 45.4 15.28 2.62 100
  <  = 1933 53.5 40.13 5.53 0.84 100

Pearson’s chi-squared test *** p-value < 0.001