Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| Overall (n = 25,315) |
Empagliflozin (n = 5302) |
Dapagliflozin (n = 4681) |
Canagliflozin (n = 4411) |
Other SGLT2-inihitibors (n = 10,921) |
P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 52 (47–58) | 52 (46–58) | 52 (46–57) | 52 (46–58) | 52 (47–58) | 0.037 |
| Men, n (%) | 20,875 (82.5) | 4392 (82.8) | 3838 (82.0) | 3710 (84.1) | 8935 (81.8) | 0.005 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 27.8 (25.1–31.1) | 27.8 (25.1–31.2) | 27.9 (25.3–31.2) | 27.7 (25.0–31.1) | 27.7 (25.0–31.0) | 0.025 |
| SBP, mmHg | 129 (120–140) | 129 (120–140) | 129 (120–140) | 130 (121–139) | 129 (120–140) | 0.74 |
| DBP, mmHg | 82 (75–89) | 82 (74–89) | 82 (75–89) | 82 (75–89) | 82 (74–89) | 0.52 |
| Cigarette smoking, n (%) | 8634 (34.1) | 1761 (33.2) | 1625 (34.7) | 1526 (34.6) | 3722 (34.1) | 0.37 |
| Alcohol consumption, n (%) | 5106 (20.2) | 1058 (20.0) | 937 (20.0) | 930 (21.1) | 2181 (20.0) | 0.43 |
| Comorbidity | ||||||
| Overweight/obesity, n (%) | 19,205 (75.9) | 4050 (76.4) | 3626 (77.5) | 3321 (75.3) | 8208 (75.2) | 0.011 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 14,909 (58.9) | 3099 (58.4) | 2781 (59.4) | 2619 (59.4) | 6410 (58.7) | 0.67 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 20,465 (80.8) | 4314 (81.4) | 3775 (80.6) | 3570 (80.9) | 8806 (80.6) | 0.71 |
| Diabetic nephropathy, n (%) | 3889 (15.4) | 892 (16.8) | 629 (13.4) | 639 (14.5) | 1729 (15.8) | < 0.001 |
| Diabetic retinopathy, n (%) | 5770 (22.8) | 1276 (24.1) | 990 (21.1) | 871 (19.7) | 2633 (24.1) | < 0.001 |
| Diabetic neuropathy, n (%) | 804 (3.2) | 181 (3.4) | 142 (3.0) | 124 (2.8) | 357 (3.3) | 0.32 |
| Medication | ||||||
| Insulins, n (%) | 2081 (8.2) | 444 (8.4) | 446 (9.5) | 278 (6.3) | 913 (8.4) | < 0.001 |
| DPP-4 inhibitor, n (%) | 14,001 (55.3) | 2876 (54.2) | 2370 (50.6) | 2510 (56.9) | 6245 (57.2) | < 0.001 |
| GLP-1 receptor agonist, n (%) | 528 (2.1) | 139 (2.6) | 107 (2.3) | 73 (1.7) | 209 (1.9) | 0.003 |
| Biguanide, n (%) | 11,723 (46.3) | 2649 (50.0) | 2089 (44.6) | 1928 (43.7) | 5057 (46.3) | < 0.001 |
| Sulfonylurea, n (%) | 4765 (18.8) | 888 (16.7) | 840 (17.9) | 763 (17.3) | 2274 (20.8) | < 0.001 |
| α-glucosidase inhibitor, n (%) | 2378 (9.4) | 459 (8.7) | 423 (9.0) | 352 (8.0) | 1144 (10.5) | < 0.001 |
| Thiazolidine, n (%) | 2392 (9.4) | 406 (7.7) | 450 (9.6) | 376 (8.5) | 1160 (10.6) | < 0.001 |
| Glinides, n (%) | 757 (3.0) | 180 (3.4) | 107 (2.3) | 126 (2.9) | 344 (3.1) | 0.007 |
| Laboratory data | ||||||
| Glucose, mg/dL | 149 (127–182) | 149 (128–183) | 148 (126–183) | 147 (125–181) | 149 (127–182) | 0.011 |
| HbA1c, % | 7.5 (6.9–8.6) | 7.5 (6.9–8.6) | 7.5 (6.9–8.6) | 7.5 (6.8–8.5) | 7.6 (6.9–8.6) | 0.001 |
| LDL-C, mg/dL | 123 (103–145) | 123 (103–146) | 124 (103–146) | 124 (103–146) | 122 (103–144) | 0.076 |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | 49 (43–58) | 49 (42–57) | 49 (43–57) | 49 (43–57) | 49 (43–58) | 0.079 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 140 (99–206) | 141 (100–210) | 140 (99–206) | 142 (102–206) | 139 (97–203) | 0.014 |
Data are reported as medians (interquartile range) or numbers (percentage), where appropriate
SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, DPP-4 dipeptidyl peptidase-4, GLP-1 glucagon-like peptide-1, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol