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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 May 18.
Published in final edited form as: FEBS J. 2020 Oct 3;288(1):10–35. doi: 10.1111/febs.15558

Figure 1: Exosome-mediated signaling modulate lymphoid cell functions in cancer.

Figure 1:

Exosomes derived from cancer cells and from various immune cell populations engage immunosuppressive signaling in recipient T cells, which impair T cell activation and proliferation, induce apoptosis and support a Treg phenotype. Antigen-presenting cell (APC)-derived exosomes harboring major histocompatibility complex II (MHCII)/antigenic peptide complex can present antigens to the target T cells and promote their activation. Exosomes derived from cancer cells suppress B cell functions. Exosomes from cancer cells and dendritic cells (DCs) signal to natural killer (NK) cells and can either promote or suppress NK cytotoxic function. The molecular cargoes in the exosomes mediating the immunomodulatory phenotypes in the lymphoid cells are indicated in the figure. The exosomes are color coded to represent the cell of origin, as described in the figure key.