TABLE 1.
Characteristics of the included RCTs and the detail of PICOS.
| Include studies | Participants | Sample size (T/C) |
Intervention |
Therapeutic course | Outcomes | Diagnostic thresholds of LVEF | Types of studies | |
| T | C | |||||||
| EMPERIAL-Preserved 2021 | HFpEF | 157/158 | Empagliflozin 10 mg qd | Placebo | 12 weeks | ⑥ | LVEF > 40% | HFpEF-specific trials |
| EMPEROR-Preserved 2021 | HFpEF | 2,997/2,991 | Empagliflozin 10 mg qd | Placebo | 26.2 months | ①②③④⑤⑦ | LVEF > 40% | HFpEF-specific trials |
| SOLOIST-WHF 2021 | HFpEF | 127/129 | Sotagliflozin 200 mg qd | Placebo | 9.2 months | ① | LVEF > 50% | Post hoc studies |
| VERTIS CV 2020 | HFpEF | 690/327 | Ertugliflozin 5 mg qd | Placebo | 3.5 years | ①②③⑤ | LVEF > 45% | Post hoc studies |
| MUSCAT-HF 2020 | HFpEF | 83/82 | Luseogliflozin 2.5 mg qd | Voglibose 0.2 mg tid | 12 weeks | ⑦⑨ | LVEF > 45% | HFpEF-specific trials |
| PRESERVED-HF 2021 | HFpEF | 162/162 | Dapagliflozin 10 mg qd | Placebo | 12 weeks | ⑤⑦⑧ | LVEF > 45% | HFpEF-specific trials |
| DECLARE-TIMI 58 2019 | HFpEF | 399/409 | Dapagliflozin 10 mg qd | Placebo | 4.2 years | ① | LVEF > 45% | Post hoc studies |
| CANDLE 2020 | HFpEF | 78/87 | Canagliflozin 100 mg qd | Glimepiride 0.5 mg qd | 24 weeks | ④⑤⑦⑨ | LVEF > 50% | Post hoc studies |
| (Continued on next page) | ||||||||
| CANONICAL 2021 | HFpEF | 42/40 | Canagliflozin 100 mg qd | Standard diabetic therapy | 24 weeks | ④⑧ | LVEF > 50% | HFpEF-specific trials |
| Borisov 2021 | HFpEF | 30/30 | Empagliflozin 10 mg qd | Standard diabetic therapy | 24 weeks | ⑥⑦⑨ | LVEF > 50% | HFpEF-specific trials |
| Sun 2021 | HFpEF | 23/23 | Dapagliflozin 10 mg qd | Standard diabetic therapy | 24 weeks | ⑦⑨ | LVEF > 50% | HFpEF-specific trials |
| SCORED 2021 | HFpEF | 843/824 | Sotagliflozin 200 mg qd | Placebo | 16 months | ① | LVEF > 50% | Post hoc studies |
T, treatment; C, control; HFpEF, Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction;①, a composite of first hospitalization for heart failure or cardiovascular death; ②, time to first hospitalization for heart failure; ③, cardiovascular death; ④, total number of hospitalization for heart failure; ⑤, death from any cause; ⑥, 6-min walk test distance; ⑦, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; ⑧, B-type natriuretic peptide; ⑨, the ratio of early mitral inflow velocity to mitral annular early diastolic velocity.