Model for alveolar epithelial stress-induced hypertrophy and polyploidization in lung injury and repair. (A) AT2 “aberrant” repair (dashed blue line) due to persistent integrated stress response (ISR), AT2 hypertrophic growth, cytokinesis failure, and stalled AT2-to-AT1 cells (right). (B) ISRIB therapy (dashed pink line) restores ISR to levels for normal AT2-to-AT1 growth, division, and differentiation (dashed gray line). Schematic created with BioRender software.