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. 2022 May 4;9:803440. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.803440

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Copyright © 2022 Liao, Zhang, Yang, Huang, Pan, Hou, Li, Zhao, Dong, Hu and Hui.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Physicochemical properties of W-IDF. (A) Water retention capacity (WRC), (B) oil retention capacity (ORC), (C) water swelling capacity (WSC). Data were expressed as means ± SD with different letters representing significant difference (p < 0.05).