Table 3.

Pain, hunger, and recovery

	PRO	PLA	p-value	CI	Cohen’s d
Pain – Legs	22.7 (20.7)	28.4 (20.8)	0.57	−2.66, 1.52	0.27
Pain – UB	15.8 (15.2)	22.3 (19.3)	0.44	−2.36, 1.07	0.37
Hunger	43.6 (31.2)	69.4 (22.2)	0.07	−5.36, 0.20	0.95
Recovery	69.7 (23.9)	59.6 (21.3)	0.37	−1.28, 3.29	0.45

UB, upper body. Mean (SD). Cohen’s d = (M₂–M₁)/SD_pooled; SD_pooled = √((SD₁² + SD₂²)/2).