Table 2.
Characteristics of Influenza Patients With and Without Community-Onset Bacterial Coinfectiona
| Total | Influenza Only | Bacterial Coinfection | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
|
| Characteristic | (N = 4,313) | (N = 3,868) | (N = 445) |
|
| |||
| Age, mean y ±SD | 68.8 ± 16.7 | 69.0 ± 16.6 | 66.7 ± 16.9 |
|
| |||
| Age group, No. (%) | |||
|
| |||
| 18–49 y | 573 (13.3) | 500 (12.8) | 73 (16.6) |
|
| |||
| 50–64 y | 1,026 (23.8) | 916 (23.7) | 110 (24.7) |
|
| |||
| 65–79 y | 1,288 (29.9) | 1,148 (29.7) | 140 (31.5) |
|
| |||
| ≥80 y | 1,426 (33.1) | 1,304 (33.7) | 122 (27.4) |
|
| |||
| Sex, male, no. (%) | 2,087 (48.4) | 1,841 (47.6) | 246 (55.3) |
|
| |||
| Race, no. (%) | |||
|
| |||
| White | 3,040 (70.5) | 2,736 (70.7) | 304 (68.3) |
|
| |||
| Black | 652 (15.1) | 580 (15.0) | 72 (16.2) |
|
| |||
| Hispanic | 23 (0.53) | 17 (0.44) | 6 (1.3) |
|
| |||
| Other | 588 (13.6) | 525 (13.6) | 63 (14.2) |
|
| |||
| Unknown | 10 (0.23) | 10 (0.26) | 0 (0.0) |
|
| |||
| Insurance, no. (%) | |||
|
| |||
| Medicare | 3,009 (69.8) | 2,713 (70.1) | 296 (66.5) |
|
| |||
| Medicaid | 407 (9.4) | 349 (9.0) | 58 (13.0) |
|
| |||
| Managed care | 499 (11.6) | 452 (11.7) | 47 (10.6) |
|
| |||
| Commercial indemnity | 141 (3.3) | 130 (3.4) | 11 (2.5) |
|
| |||
| Other | 257 (6.0) | 224 (5.8) | 33 (7.4) |
|
| |||
| Admission from SNF | 294 (6.8) | 268 (6.9) | 26 (5.8) |
|
| |||
| Smoker | 825 (19.1) | 726 (18.8) | 99 (22.2) |
|
| |||
| Teaching, no. (%) | 1,764 (40.9) | 1,568 (40.5) | 196 (44.0) |
|
| |||
| Urban, no. (%) | 3,801 (88.1) | 3,412 (88.2) | 389 (87.4) |
|
| |||
| Bed size, no. (%) | |||
|
| |||
| ≤200 beds | 864 (20.0) | 777 (20.1) | 87 (20.4) |
|
| |||
| 201–400 beds | 1,657 (38.4) | 1,489 (38.5) | 168 (37.8) |
|
| |||
| ≥401 beds | 1,792 (41.5) | 1,602 (41.4) | 190 (42.7) |
|
| |||
| Region, no. (%) | |||
|
| |||
| Midwest | 984 (22.8) | 893 (23.1) | 91 (20.4) |
|
| |||
| Northeast | 726 (16.8) | 653 (16.9) | 73 (16.4) |
|
| |||
| South | 1,964 (45.5) | 1,742 (45.0) | 222 (49.9) |
|
| |||
| West | 639 (14.8) | 580 (15.0) | 59 (13.3) |
|
| |||
| Combined comorbidity score, mean ± SD | 2.7 ± 2.5 | 2.7 ± 2.5 | 3.2 ± 2.6 |
|
| |||
| Organ failure scores, mean ± SD | 0.84 ± 0.94 | 0.8 ± 0.9 | 1.2 ± 1.2 |
|
| |||
| Previous admission (w/in 6 mo), no. (%) | 199 (4.6) | 166 (4.3) | 33 (7.4) |
|
| |||
| ICU, no. (%) | 1,030 (23.9) | 865 (22.4) | 165 (37.1) |
|
| |||
| IMV, no. (%) | 331 (7.7) | 252 (6.5) | 79 (17.8) |
|
| |||
| Vasopressor, no. (%) | 210 (4.9) | 148 (3.8) | 62 (13.9) |
Note. SNF, skilled nursing facility; ICU, intensive care unit; IMV, intermittent mechanical ventilation; SD, standard deviation.
a
Differences are very highly statistically significant (P < .001) for all variables, by χ2 test for dichotomous or nominal or t test for continuous or ordinally scored variables, except race (P = .11), smoking (P = .077), admission from a skilled nursing facility (P = .39), and hospital teaching status (P = .29) and location (urban vs rural, P = .87). Statistical significance does not imply clinical significance.