Table 1.

Baseline characteristics between groups of NAFLD cases and controls

Variables	Controls (n = 1,886)	NAFLD cases (n = 1,137)	p value
Age, years	39.85±9.71	40.35±8.14	0.124b
Age n (%)
≤40 years	958 (50.8)	597 (52.5)	0.362a
>40 years	928 (49.2)	540 (47.5)
Gender
Male	1,567 (83.1)	967 (85.0)	0.156a
Female	319 (16.9)	170 (15.0)
BMI, kg/m2	22.70±2.50	25.47±2.55	<0.001b
Overweight, n (%)
No	1,282 (71.7)	309 (28.3)	<0.001a
Yes	506 (28.3)	783 (71.7)
WC, cm	81.40±7.96	88.95±7.98	<0.001b
Abdominal obesity, n (%)
No	1,559 (89.6)	610 (57.1)	<0.001a
Yes	181 (10.4)	458 (42.9)
SBP, mm Hg	124.74±13.69	130.51±15.29	<0.001b
DBP, mm Hg	74.85±9.42	79.62±10.95	<0.001b
Hypertension, n (%)
No	1,151 (64.4)	518 (47.5)	<0.001a
Yes	635 (35.6)	573 (52.5)
TC, mmol/L	4.51±0.81	4.77±0.90	<0.001b
TG, mmol/L*	1.03 (0.78, 1.34)	1.66 (1.19, 2.29)	<0.001c
Hypertriglyceridemia, n (%)
No	1,543 (86.5)	582 (51.3)	<0.001a
Yes	240 (13.5)	553 (48.7)
FPG, mmol/L*	2.60 (2.31, 4.75)	3.98 (2.37, 4.92)	<0.001c
Hyperglycemia, n (%)
No	1,716 (96.2)	1,043 (91.9)	<0.001a
Yes	67 (3.8)	92 (8.1)
25(OH)D3, ng/mL*d	20.00 (16.84, 26.64)	15.77 (11.93, 20.69)	<0.001c

Overweight, BMI >24 kg/m²; abdominal obesity, WC >90 cm in males and >85 cm in females; hypertension, SBP/DBP ≥130/85 mm Hg; hypertriglyceridemia, serum triglyceride ≥1.7 mmol/L; hyperglycemia, FPG ≥5.6 mmol/L. NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triacylglycerol; FPG, fasting plasma glucose. Results in bold type indicate statistically significant.

^*Non-normally distributed variables.

^aχ² test.

^bIndependent-samples t test.

^cMann-Whitney U test.

^DSerum 25(OH)D₃ levels were measured in 330 NAFLD cases and 317 controls.