Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study participants
| Overall | CVH metric category |
p value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low (0–2) | Middle (3–4) | High (5–7) | |||
| N | 865,087 | 84,439 | 335,773 | 444,875 | − |
| Age, years | 46 (40, 54) | 49 (42, 55) | 49 (42, 56) | 44 (39, 52) | <0.001 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 525,481 (60.7) | 73,348 (86.9) | 243,610(72.6) | 208,523 (46.9) | <0.001 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 22.4 (20.3, 24.7) | 26.4 (24.9, 28.5) | 23.5(21.4, 25.8) | 21.2(19.5, 22.9) | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 118(108, 129) | 129 (122, 138) | 124(116, 133) | 111 (103, 120) | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 73(66, 81) | 82 (76, 88) | 78 (70, 84) | 69 (62, 75) | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 203.0(180.6, 227.0) | 222.2 (205.0, 244.6) | 212.8(192.0, 234.6) | 191.2(173.0, 214.0) | <0.001 |
| Fasting plasma glucose, mg/dL | 92 (86, 99) | 103 (96, 113) | 95 (88, 102) | 89 (84, 94) | <0.001 |
| The number of ideal CVH metrics components, points | 5(3, 6) | 2 (2, 2) | 4(3, 4) | 5(5, 6) | <0.001 |
| 0, n (%) | 2,650 (0.3) | 2,650(3.1) | − | − | |
| 1, n(%) | 18,206(2.1) | 18,206(21.6) | − | − | |
| 2, n (%) | 63,583 (7.3) | 63,583 (75.3) | − | − | |
| 3, n (%) | 134,100(15.5) | − | 134,100(39.9) | − | |
| 4, n (%) | 201,673(23.3) | − | 201,673(60.1) | − | |
| 5, n (%) | 224,928 (26.0) | − | − | 224,928 (50.6) | |
| 6, n (%) | 168,119(19.4) | − | − | 168,119(37.8) | |
| 7, n (%) | 51,828(6.0) | − | − | 51,828(11.7) | |
| Ideal CVH metrics component, n (%) | |||||
| Smoking status | 645,562 (74.6) | 30,908 (36.6) | 219,352(65.3) | 395,302 (88.9) | <0.001 |
| Body mass index | 664,453 (76.8) | 21,171 (25.1) | 222,004(66.1) | 421,278(94.7) | <0.001 |
| Physical activity | 381,191 (44.1) | 11,274(13.4) | 112,770(33.6) | 257,147(57.8) | <0.001 |
| Dietary habits | 712,448(82.4) | 42,898 (50.8) | 257,367 (76.6) | 412,183(92.7) | <0.001 |
| Blood pressure | 412,657 (47.7) | 6,013(7.1) | 86,345 (25.7) | 320,299 (72.0) | <0.001 |
| Fasting plasma glucose | 660,631 (76.4) | 25,271 (29.9) | 219,847(65.5) | 415,513(93.4) | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol | 373,572 (43.2) | 7,837 (9.3) | 91,307(27.2) | 274,428(61.7) | <0.001 |
We divided the study participants according to the number of ideal CVH metrics components as follows: low (0–2 points), middle (3–4 points), or high (5–7 points). Data are presented as median (interquartile range) or number (percentage). CVH, cardiovascular health. p values were calculated using the Kruskal-Wallis test for continuous variables and χ2 tests for categorical variables, p values were all <0.001.