Figure 1.

The classification of autophagy. Autophagy can be divided into three types: macroautophagy, microautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy. Macroautophagy refers to the phagocytosis of large cytoplasmic materials by autophagosomes, and then fusion with lysosomes to degrade substrates. Microautophagy refers to the lysosome itself engulfing small components of the cytoplasm by invading the lysosome membrane. And the chaperone-mediated autophagy, the chaperone protein Hsc70 (heat shock cognate 70) and the accessory chaperone protein specifically recognize the cytoplasmic protein containing KFERQ-like pentapeptide, and then pass through the lysosomal-associated membrane glycoprotein 2A (LAMP2A) interaction, the unfolded protein is transported into the lysosome cavity through the multimeric translocation complex.