Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Patients with COVID-19 by Prior History of Heart Failure
| No HF(n = 98,014) | HFrEF without Worsening (n = 524) | Worsening HFrEF(n = 514) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 43 (29–58) | 66 (55–76) | 66 (56–75) | <0.001 |
| Female | 56,739 (57.9) | 173 (33.0) | 164 (31.9) | <0.001 |
| Race/ethnicity | <0.001 | |||
| White | 37,337 (38.1) | 182 (34.7) | 235 (45.7) | |
| Black | 14,469 (14.8) | 115 (21.9) | 149 (29.0) | |
| Hispanic | 17,375 (17.7) | 67 (12.8) | 57 (11.1) | |
| Other/unknown | 28,833 (29.4) | 160 (30.5) | 73 (14.2) | |
| Location of SARS-CoV-2 testing | <0.001 | |||
| Inpatient | 8768 (8.9) | 118 (22.5) | 305 (59.3) | |
| Outpatient | 62,195 (63.5) | 219 (41.8) | 120 (23.3) | |
| Unknown | 27,051 (27.6) | 187 (35.7) | 89 (17.3) | |
| Medical history | ||||
| Hypertension | 19,470 (19.9) | 391 (74.6) | 388 (75.5) | <0.001 |
| Coronary artery disease | 2796 (2.9) | 224 (42.7) | 307 (59.7) | <0.001 |
| History of thromboembolism | 1213 (1.2) | 26 (5.0) | 61 (11.9) | <0.001 |
| History of PCI/CABG | 484 (0.5) | 45 (8.6) | 104 (20.2) | <0.001 |
| Myocardial infarction | 879 (0.9) | 90 (17.2) | 186 (36.2) | <0.001 |
| Peripheral artery disease | 1598 (1.6) | 154 (29.4) | 200 (38.9) | <0.001 |
| Vascular disease | 3219 (3.3) | 189 (36.1) | 262 (51.0) | <0.001 |
| Atrial or ventricular tachyarrhythmia/atrial fibrillation | 1619 (1.7) | 185 (35.3) | 223 (43.4) | <0.001 |
| Type 2 diabetes | 9744 (9.9) | 225 (42.9) | 237 (46.1) | <0.001 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 3040 (3.1) | 158 (30.2) | 219 (42.6) | <0.001 |
| Obesity | 11455 (11.7) | 114 (21.8) | 147 (28.6) | <0.001 |
| Asthma | 5287 (5.4) | 36 (6.9) | 40 (7.8) | 0.02 |
| COPD | 7770 (7.9) | 112 (21.4) | 155 (30.2) | <0.001 |
| Moderate/severe liver disease | 296 (0.3) | 2 (0.4) | 15 (2.9) | <0.001 |
| Metastatic solid tumor | 554 (0.6) | 4 (0.8) | 18 (3.5) | <0.001 |
| Laboratory Results | ||||
| White blood cell count (x 103/µL)* | 6.9 (5.4–8.8) | 7.0 (5.5–8.9) | 7.3 (5.7–9.1) | 0.911 |
| Lymphocytes (%)† | 27 (19–34) | 22 (15–29) | 18 (11–26) | <0.001 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL)‡ | 13.3 (12.0–14.5) | 12.7 (11.3–14.1) | 11.6 (9.9–13.3) | <0.001 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL)§ | 0.8 (0.7–1.0) | 1.2 (0.9–1.7) | 1.2 (0.9–1.8) | <0.001 |
| Albumin (g/dL)|| | 4.1 (3.7–4.4) | 3.9 (3.5–4.2) | 3.5 (3.0–4.0) | 0.88 |
Data represent median (quartile 1–quartile 3) or n (%).
There were 37,769, 340 and 478 patients with available data in the No HF, HFrEF without worsening, and Worsening HFrEF groups, respectively.
There were 25,504, 290 and 288 patients with available data in the No HF, HFrEF without worsening, and Worsening HFrEF groups, respectively.
There were 40,264, 404 and 496 patients with available data in the No HF, HFrEF without worsening, and Worsening HFrEF groups, respectively.
There were 40,824, 419 and 476 patients with available data in the No HF, HFrEF without worsening, and Worsening HFrEF groups, respectively.
There were 24,933, 260 and 301 patients with available data in the No HF, HFrEF without worsening, and Worsening HFrEF groups, respectively.
CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HF, heart failure; HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention.