Table 4.

Mortality and Worsening Heart Failure in Patients with HFrEF Tested for COVID-19

		Risk Ratio (95% CI)
	Event Rate (%)	Unadjusted	Base Adjustment*	Base Adjusted + Inpatient/Outpatient Diagnosis†
30-Day mortality
Negative COVID-19 Test	7.2%	Reference	Reference	Reference
Positive COVID-19 Test	11.8%	1.64 (1.35–1.97) P < 0.001	1.79 (1.48–2.17) P < 0.001	1.67 (1.38–2.02) P < 0.001
90-Day mortality
Negative COVID-19 Test	8.5%	Reference	Reference	Reference
Positive COVID-19 Test	12.7%	1.50 (1.25–1.79) P < 0.001	1.63 (1.36–1.96) P < 0.001	1.52 (1.27–1.83) P < 0.001
Worsening Heart Failure‡
Negative COVID-19 Test	19.0%	Reference	Reference	Reference
Positive COVID-19 Test	26.0%	1.37 (1.21–1.56) P < 0.001	1.44 (1.27–1.64) P < 0.001	1.33 (1.17–1.51) P < 0.001

^⁎Adjusted for age, sex, race, ethnicity, asthma, type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypertension, coronary artery disease, history of thrombosis, coronary revascularization, myocardial infarction, obesity, chronic kidney disease, peripheral artery disease, vascular disease, moderate/severe liver disease, metastatic cancer, and atrial fibrillation/atrial or ventricular tachyarrhythmia.

^†Includes covariates in base-adjusted model, with addition of location of COVID-19 test/diagnosis (ie, inpatient or outpatient or unknown).

^‡Median (interquartile range) follow-up was 104 (27–162) days.

CI, confidence interval; HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.