TABLE 2.
Genes associated with HIV infection shown to be regulated by miRNAs in other diseases.
| HIV infection | Other disease | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gene | Effect | References number | microRNA | Disease or infection | References number |
| Viral receptors | |||||
| CCR5 | responsible for HIV infection and entry | Blanpain et al. (2002); Lederman et al. (2006) | miR-107 | Cancer | Che et al. (2016) |
| ICAM-1 | assists with HIV entry increasing virus infectivity | Fortin et al., (1997); Bounou et al. (2002) | miR-296-3p | Prostate cancer | Liu et al. (2013) |
| Innate immune regulators | |||||
| TRIM22 | blocks HIV replication in cell by preventing the assembly of the virus | Barr et al. (2008) | miR-215 | HCV | Tian and He, (2018) |
| TRIM28 (KAP1) | inhibits HIV-1 through by targeting the integration step | Allouch et al. (2009) | miR-149 | Cancer | Qi et al. (2016) |
| TRIM11 | restricts HIV-1 reverse transcription by accelerating viral un-coating | Yuan et al. (2016) | miR-24-3p | Colon cancer | Yin et al. (2016) |
| TRAF6 | induced as part of the normal innate immune response against HIV virus | Sirois et al. (2011) | miR-146a miR-144 | Dengue virus influenza virus, EMCV, and VSV | Wu et al. (2013) Rosenberger et al. (2017) |
| T cell exhaustion markers | |||||
| CCL4 | CCR5 ligand involved in blocking HIV entry | Carrol et al. (1999) | miR-125b | Aging | Cheng et al. (2015) |
| CCL3 | CCR5 ligand involved in blocking HIV entry | Modi et al., (2006); Levine et al., (2009) | miR-223 | Tuberculosis | Dorhoi et al. (2013) |
| IRF7 | contributes to enhanced HIV-1 replication | Sirois et al. (2011) | miR-541 | Vascular smooth muscle cells | Yang et al. (2016) |
| RSAD2 (viperin) | Inhibits viral production | Raposo et al. (2013) | miR-200a miR-200b miR-429 | Cell differentiation studies | Li et al. (2016) |
| ISG15 | Suppresses HIV replication at various parts of the HIV life cycle | Pincetic et al. (2010); Doyle et al., (2015) | miR-138 miR-370 | Oral cancer | Zhang et al. (2017) |
| Toll-like receptors | |||||
| TLR3 | Innate immune response. Reduces HIV infection | Akira et al., (2006); Swaminathan et al. (2012c) | miR-26a | Arthritis | Jiang et al. (2014) |
| Other | |||||
| RAD51 | stimulatory or inhibitory effects on specific steps on retroviral replication cycles | (Kaminski et al., 2014; Thierry et al., 2015) | miR-155 | Cancer | Gasparini et al. (2014) |
| SETDB1 | Inhibits HIV-1 replication at a step prior to integration | (Liu et al., 2011; Tyagi and Kashanchi, 2012) | miR-381-3p | Breast cancer | Wu et al. (2018) |
| Rab27a | Favours HIV assembly | Gerber et al. (2015) | miR-134-3p | Ovarian cancer | Chang et al. (2017) |
Notes: HCV, abbreviates Hepatitis C. EMCV, abbreviates encephalomyocarditis virus; VSV, abbreviates vesicular stomatitis virus.