Supplementary Table 5.
HRs and 95% CIs for Associations Between MetS and Gastrointestinal Cancers Overall and Excluding Cases Diagnosed Within 2 Years of Baseline
| N for cases | HR and 95% CI for prevalent MetSa,b |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Harmonized | NCEP-ATPIII | IDF 2005 | ||
| All gastrointestinal cancers | ||||
| All | 4238 | 1.21 (1.13–1.29) | 1.24 (1.16–1.33) | 1.27 (1.18–1.36) |
| <2-year cases excluded | 3224 | 1.25 (1.16–1.35) | 1.27 (1.18–1.37) | 1.33 (1.23–1.44) |
| Colorectal cancer | ||||
| All participants | 2,525 | 1.17 (1.08–1.28) | 1.19 (1.10–1.30) | 1.23 (1.13–1.35) |
| <2-year cases excluded | 1,893 | 1.20 (1.09–1.32) | 1.20 (1.09–1.33) | 1.28 (1.16–1.42) |
| Colon cancer | ||||
| All | 1,670 | 1.18 (1.06–1.31) | 1.21 (1.09–1.34) | 1.30 (1.16–1.45) |
| <2-year cases excluded | 1,253 | 1.19 (1.06–1.35) | 1.20 (1.06–1.36) | 1.32 (1.16–1.49) |
| Rectal cancer | ||||
| All | 855 | 1.16 (1.00–1.35) | 1.17 (1.01–1.35) | 1.13 (0.97–1.31) |
| <2-year cases excluded | 640 | 1.21 (1.02–1.43) | 1.20 (1.01–1.42) | 1.22 (1.03–1.46) |
| Esophageal adenocarcinoma | ||||
| All | 248 | 1.27 (0.99–1.62) | 1.29 (1.01–1.65) | 1.32 (1.03–1.69) |
| <2-year cases excluded | 184 | 1.38 (1.04–1.83) | 1.35 (1.02–1.79) | 1.44 (1.08–1.91) |
| Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma | ||||
| All | 100 | 0.56 (0.35–0.90) | 0.54 (0.33–0.87) | 0.55 (0.32–0.92) |
| <2-year cases excluded | 77 | 0.54 (0.31–0.93) | 0.54 (0.31–0.94) | 0.54 (0.30–0.98) |
| Pancreatic cancer | ||||
| All | 478 | 1.39 (1.14–1.69) | 1.48 (1.22–1.79) | 1.37 (1.12–1.68) |
| <2-year cases excluded | 379 | 1.35 (1.08–1.67) | 1.49 (1.20–1.84) | 1.29 (1.03–1.62) |
| Hepatocellular carcinoma | ||||
| All | 112 | 1.61 (1.07–2.43) | 1.48 (0.99–2.19) | 2.01 (1.34–3.03) |
| <2-year cases excluded | 100 | 1.90 (1.22–2.97) | 1.63 (1.07–2.48) | 2.34 (1.51–3.64) |
| Stomach cancer, cardia | ||||
| All | 111 | 1.27 (0.85–1.90) | 1.55 (1.04–2.30) | 1.35 (0.90–2.01) |
| <2-year cases excluded | 81 | 1.20 (0.75–1.91) | 1.46 (0.92–2.32) | 1.42 (0.89–2.26) |
| Stomach cancer, non-cardia | ||||
| All | 74 | 1.09 (0.66–1.80) | 0.97 (0.58–1.60) | 1.07 (0.63–1.82) |
| <2-year cases excluded | 59 | 1.09 (0.62–1.91) | 0.97 (0.55–1.71) | 1.15 (0.64–2.07) |
| Intrahepatic bile duct cancer | ||||
| All | 108 | 1.16 (0.77–1.76) | 1.41 (0.94–2.11) | 1.34 (0.87–2.05) |
| <2-year cases excluded | 77 | 1.19 (0.73–1.94) | 1.49 (0.93–2.40) | 1.43 (0.86–2.35) |
Note: Boldface indicates statistical significance.
AGM, Abnormal glucose metabolism; CI, confidence interval; HDL, high density lipoprotein; HR, hazard ratio; IDF 2005, International Diabetes Federation 2005; MetS, metabolic syndrome; NCEP-ATPIII, National Cholesterol Education Program – Adult Treatment Panel III.
Multivariable models were adjusted for total physical activity (<10, 10–20, 20–40, 40–60, >60 MET hour/week), height (cm, continuous), alcohol consumption frequency (never, special occasions only, 1–3 times/month, 1–2 times per week, 3–4 times/week, daily or almost daily, unknown/prefer not to answer), smoking intensity (never, previous, current <15 per day, current ≥15 per day, current unknown intensity, unknown/prefer not to answer), frequency of red and processed meat consumption (<2 per week, 2–2.99 times/week, 3–3.99 times/week, ≥4/week, unknown), educational level (CSE/GCSE/O-level, NVQ/HND/A-level/AS-level, other professional qualification, college/university degree, missing/prefer not to answer), regular aspirin or ibuprofen use (yes/no), ever use of hormone replacement therapy (yes/no), family history of colorectal cancer in first degree relatives (yes/no) and, where appropriate, fasting time (hours, continuous).
HRs are given for MetS detected versus not detected.