Figure 1.

Pathological progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). IR: insulin resistance; OB: obesity; SREBP1c: sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1c; ACC: acetyl-CoA carboxylase; FAS: fatty acid synthase; SCDs: stearoyl-CoA desaturase; DAGs: diacylglycerols; LPCs: phosphatidylcholines; FFA: free fatty acids; DNL: de novo lipogenesis; HTG: hepatic triglyceride; β-oxi: β-oxidation; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; HSCs: hepatic stellate cells; ILs: interleukins; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-α; NF-κB: nuclear factor-kappa B; NLRP3: nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat (NLR) and pyrin domain containing receptor 3; ECM: extracellular matrix.