Table 2.

Characteristics of study participants according to levels of physical activity, Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2014-2019

Variables	Aerobic exercise			p-value1	Muscle strengthening exercise			p-value1	Walking exercise			p-value1
	Inactive	Active	Highly active		Inactive	Active	Highly active		Inactive	Active	Highly active
Unweighted, n	13,154	4,721	6,234		19,083	2,547	2,479		9,744	6,144	8,221
Weighted, n	14,030,545	5,474,614	7,917,684		21,264,487	3,246,034	2,912,323		10,791,966	7,206,408	9,424,469
Handgrip strength (kg)	30.76±0.12	31.67±0.18	35.08±0.17	<0.001	31.03±0.10	35.75±0.24	36.68±0.25	<0.001	31.98±0.152	31.95±0.172	32.60±0.14	0.001
Low handgrip strength
Yes	3,295 (24.1)	1,038 (21.9)	1,043 (16.5)	<0.001	4,576 (23.1)	423 (16.5)	377 (15.3)	<0.001	2,405 (23.3)	1,397 (21.9)	1,574 (19.1)	<0.001
No	9,859 (75.9)	3,683 (78.1)	5,191 (83.5)		14,507 (76.9)	2,124 (83.5)	2,102 (84.7)		7,339 (76.7)	4,747 (78.1)	6,647 (80.9)
Gender
Men	5,267 (45.0)	1,927 (45.8)	3,213 (57.6)	<0.001	7,332 (43.8)	1,410 (61.2)	1,665 (71.9)	<0.001	4,187 (49.2)	2,525 (46.9)	3,695 (49.8)	0.011
Women	7,887 (55.0)	2,794 (54.2)	3,021 (42.4)		11,751 (56.2)	1,137 (38.8)	814 (28.1)		5,557 (50.8)	3,619 (53.1)	4,536 (50.2)
Age (yr)
19-39	2,884 (29.1)	1,439 (38.9)	2,259 (45.8)	<0.001	5,056 (34.6)	934 (45.2)	592 (35.0)	<0.001	2,464 (32.8)	1,914 (40.4)	2,204 (36.0)	<0.001
40-59	4,786 (40.9)	1,833 (40.6)	2,352 (38.0)		7,115 (40.5)	1,027 (40.2)	829 (36.4)		3,662 (42.0)	2,272 (38.2)	3,037 (39.2)
≥60	5,484 (30.0)	1,449 (20.4)	1,623 (16.2)		6,912 (24.9)	586 (14.6)	1,058 (28.6)		3,618 (25.2)	1,958 (21.3)	2,980 (24.9)

Data are expressed as the estimated mean±standard error for continuous variables and frequency (weighted %) for categorical variables.

¹Using t-test for continuous variables and chi-square test for categorical variables.

²The means difference is not significant at the 0.05 level by Scheffe post-hoc test.