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. 2022 May 18;12:8318. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-12357-4

Table 1.

Baseline characteristics of patients by nutritional status.

Variables Low GNRI (< 92) (n = 525) High GNRI (GNRI ≥ 92) (n = 706) p value
Age, years 78 [69, 84] 68 [57, 77]  < 0.001
Female, n (%) 200 (38.1) 159 (22.5%)  < 0.001
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg 132 [110, 151] 132 [112, 155] 0.507
Heart rate, beats/min 94 [78, 114] 96 [78, 112] 0.814
LVEF, % 30 [25, 35] 30 [23, 35] 0.013
Ischemic etiology, n (%) 205 (39.0) 246 (34.8) 0.130
NYHA (III–IV) 432 (86.7) 553 (81.4) 0.015
Comorbidities
Prior HF hospitalization, n (%) 188 (36.4) 246 (35.1) 0.642
Hypertension, n (%) 342 (65.1) 440 (62.3) 0.309
Diabetes mellitus, n (%) 201 (38.3) 270 (38.2) 0.988
Dyslipidemia, n (%) 193 (37.3) 319 (45.8) 0.003
Smoking, n (%) 209 (41.4) 357 (52.2)  < 0.001
Atrial fibrillation, n (%) 201 (38.4) 290 (41.1) 0.336
Stroke, n (%) 70 (13.3) 89 (12.7) 0.728
COPD, n (%) 26 (5.0) 24 (3.4) 0.173
Laboratory findings at admission
Hemoglobin, g/dL 11.9 [10.4, 13.5] 13.4 [12.0, 15.0] 0.001
BUN, mg/dL 25.1 [18.2, 36.3] 20.3 [15.9, 27.4]  < 0.001
Creatinine, mg/dL 1.14 [0.81, 1.61] 1.04 [0.86, 1.31] 0.003
eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m2 45.2 [29.8, 61.6] 53.6 [40.2, 66.5]  < 0.001
Sodium, mEq/L 139 [137, 142] 140 [138, 142]  < 0.001
Potassium, mEq/L 4.4 [3.9, 4.8] 4.3 [4.0, 4.7] 0.823
BNP, pg/mL 1155 [702, 1989] 707 [383, 1082]  < 0.001
Alb, mg/dL 3.4 [3.1, 3.7] 3.8 [3.6, 4.1]  < 0.001

Values are median [with interquartile ranges] or n (%).

GNRI geriatric nutritional risk index, NYHA New York Heart Association, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, HF heart failure, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, BUN blood urea nitrogen, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, BNP B-type natriuretic peptide.