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. 2022 May 18;12:8289. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-12197-2

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(a) Chemical structure of APF peptide. (b) Relative abundance of the APF peptide in the urine samples as assessed by LC-MRM. All data were normalized by dividing the peak area for the APF peptide by the peak area for the internal standard peptide (FMRGF-NH₂). The APF peptide was detected in 20 IC/BPS patient samples and 13 control samples. The black points show the normalized peak areas for each sample. Bars show the mean and standard deviation of the normalized peak areas. **p < 0.01 (unpaired t test).