Efficacy of phage-MPs to mitigate acute S. aureus lung infection. A, Schematic overview of animal procedure (Created with BioRender.com). Phage-MPs were prepared by loading a mixture of five phage (phage K + phage 110 + phage 134 + phage 135 + phage 136) active against S. aureus strain JE-2. The dry powder formulation was prepared by lyophilization of phage-MPs followed by mixing with lactose at 1:1 ratio. B, Bacterial counts recovered from the lungs of mice at 18–20 hours post-treatment. Input dose of JE-2 = 1 × 108 CFU/mouse; input phage dose = 1 × 108 PFU/mouse. N = 7–15, data pooled from three separate studies. C, Phage recovered from the lungs of mice. N = 3–6. D, Evaluation of sensitivity of JE-2 colonies recovered from four different mice treated with phage-MPs to individual phage, without MPs. N = 4. One-way ANOVA with Holm-Sidak’s multiple comparisons. ****P < 0.0001, ***P < 0.001, **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05