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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Gastroenterology. 2022 Mar 10;162(7):1990–2003. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.03.004

Figure 1. Untargeted lipidomic analysis reveals postprandial plasma diacylglycerols are significantly altered in NAFLD subjects.

Figure 1.

(A) Principal component analysis shows separation between fasting control and NAFLD plasma, driven by increased TAG and PC lipid species (B). (C) Multilevel partial least squares discriminant analysis (mPLS-DA) demonstrates time-dependent changes in postprandial plasma lipids from 0 to 4 hours with a return to baseline at 24 hours. (D) Repeated measures mixed model ANOVA identified 30 features that are significantly different by group, time and interaction. (E) Cluster analysis of the 30 significantly different lipid features demonstrates three distinct postprandial kinetic patterns, grouped mainly by class (F). Control n=10, NAFLD n=37. Lipid classes are colored and abbreviated as follows: acylcarnitine (ACar), cholesterol ester (CE), diacylglycerol (DAG), fatty acids (FA), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), triacylglycerol (TAG). Z-scores were calculated by centering the mean and dividing by the standard deviation for each lipid feature then calculating the average per group. Box and swarm – median, interquartile range (IQR) and 1.5xIQR whiskers. Thin lines - individual feature trajectories; thick lines - mean z-score for all features in the cluster.