Table 1.
Up-regulated genes of rumen epithelium in low RFI group compared to high RFI group.
| Gene | Metabolism | Fold change1 | Animal | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dynamin 2 (DNM2) | Remodeling of the epithelial adherens junctions | 1.17 | Hereford × Angus steers | Kong et al. (2016) |
| Hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate (HGS) | Remodeling of the epithelial adherens junctions | 1.26 | Hereford × Angus steers | |
| Actin beta (ACTB) | Remodeling of the epithelial adherens junctions/Cell migration | 1.24 | Hereford × Angus steers | |
| Tubulin, beta class 1 (TUBB5) | Remodeling of the epithelial adherens junctions | 1.28 | Hereford × Angus steers | |
| Tubulin alpha 4a (TUBA4A) | Remodeling of the epithelial adherens junctions | 1.43 | Hereford × Angus steers | |
| Ubiquitin A-52 residue ribosomal protein fusion product 1 (UBA52) | Protein synthesis | 1.24 | Hereford × Angus steers | |
| Ribosomal protein L36 (RPL36) | Protein synthesis | 1.28 | Hereford × Angus steers | |
| Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) | Protein synthesis/Cell migration | 1.30 | Hereford × Angus steers | |
| Similar to rRibosomal protein L 18a, ribosomal protein L18a (RPL18A) | Protein synthesis | 1.24 | Hereford × Angus steers | |
| Ribosomal protein S15 (RPS15) | Protein synthesis | 1.29 | Hereford × Angus steers | |
| Ribosomal protein L10 (RPL10) | Protein synthesis | 1.40 | Hereford × Angus steers | |
| Ras homolog family member G (RHOG) | Cell migration | 1.39 | Hereford × Angus steers | |
| Cofilin 1 (non-muscle) (CFL1) | Cell migration | 1.26 | Hereford × Angus steers | |
| Myosin light chain 12B (MYL12B) | Cell migration | – | Hereford × Angus steers | |
| G protein subunit beta 1 (GNB1) | Cell migration | 1.18 | Hereford × Angus steers | |
| G protein subunit beta 2 (GNB2) | Cell migration | 1.24 | Hereford × Angus steers | |
| Monocarboxylate transporter 4 (SLC16A3) | VFA absorption | 1.13 | Red Angus steers and heifers | Elolimy et al. (2018) |
| Solute carrier family 9 member a1 (SLC9A1) | VFA absorption | 1.01 | Red Angus steers and heifers | |
| Hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha (HIF1A) | VFA absorption | 1.01 | Red Angus steers and heifers | |
| Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA lyase, mitochondrial (HMGCL) | Ketogenesis | 1.09 | Red Angus steers and heifers | |
| Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase, mitochondrial (HMGCS2) | Ketogenesis | 1.17 | Red Angus steers and heifers | |
| D-beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial (BDH1) | Ketogenesis | 1.06 | Red Angus steers and heifers | |
| Lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) | Pyruvate metabolism | 1.06 | Red Angus steers and heifers | |
| Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta (PPARD) | Other metabolic pathways | 1.08 | Red Angus steers and heifers |
RFI = residual feed intake; VFA = volatile fatty acids.
1
Fold change is gene expression in low RFI relative to high RFI.