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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Dig Dis Sci. 2021 Nov 19;67(9):4500–4508. doi: 10.1007/s10620-021-07309-3

Table 1.

Patient and clinical characteristics of 423 cases with gastric intestinal metaplasia compared to 1796 controls from the Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center

Cases (n=423) Controls (n=1796) P-value
Recruitment source 0.121
 Endoscopy 303 (71.63) 1352 (75.28)
 Primary Care 120 (28.37) 444 (24.72)
Age
 <60 138 (32.62) 761 (42.37) <0.001
 60–69 218 (51.54) 842 (46.88)
 ≥70 67 (15.84) 193 (10.75)
Sex <0.001
 Male 411 (97.16) 1630 (90.76)
 Female 12 (2.84) 166 (9.24)
Race/Ethnicity <.0001
 White 175 (41.37) 1095 (60.97)
 Hispanic 62 (14.66) 148 (8.24)
 Black 178 (42.08) 521 (29.01)
 Other/Unknown 8 (1.89) 32 (1.78)
BMI (kg/m2) 0.080
 <25 89 (21.04) 318 (17.71)
 25–29 163 (38.53) 634 (35.03)
 ≥30 171 (40.43) 840 (46.77)
 Unknown/missing 0 (0.00) 4 (0.22)
Waist-to-hip ratio
 Low 60 (14.18) 248 (13.81) 0.712
 High 349 (82.51) 1501 (83.57)
 Unknown/Missing 14 (3.31) 47 (2.62)
Smoking status <0.001
 Never smoked 82 (19.39) 501 (27.90)
 Current smoker 138 (32.62) 473 (26.34)
 Former smoker 185 (43.74) 718 (39.98)
 Unknown/missing 18 (4.26) 104 (5.79)
Alcohol status 0.169
 Never drinker 26 (6.15) 151 (8.41)
 Current drinker 211 (49.88) 891 (49.61)
 Former drinker 166 (39.24) 639 (35.58)
 Unknown/missing 20 (4.73) 115 (6.40)
GERD symptoms 0.047
 No 224 (52.96) 832 (46.33)
 Yes 180 (42.55) 865 (48.16)
 Unknown/missing 19 (4.49) 99 (5.51)
Helicobacter pylori <0.001
 No 199 (47.04) 1377 (76.67)
 Yes 219 (51.77) 394 (21.94)
 Unknown/missing 5 (1.18) 25 (1.39)
PPI/H2RA use 0.076
 No 180 (42.55) 659 (36.69)
 Yes 218 (51.54) 1010 (56.24)
 Unknown/missing 25 (5.91) 127 (7.07)
NSAID use 0.267
 No 153 (36.17) 717 (39.92)
 Less than daily 18 (4.26) 83 (4.62)
 At least daily 188 (44.44) 704 (39.20)
 Unknown/missing 64 (15.13) 292 (16.26)

BMI: body mass index; GERD: gastroesophageal reflux disease; PPI: proton pump inhibitor; H2RA: histamine-2 receptor antagonist; NSAID: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug