Table 1.
Patient and clinical characteristics of 423 cases with gastric intestinal metaplasia compared to 1796 controls from the Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center
| Cases (n=423) | Controls (n=1796) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Recruitment source | 0.121 | ||
| Endoscopy | 303 (71.63) | 1352 (75.28) | |
| Primary Care | 120 (28.37) | 444 (24.72) | |
| Age | |||
| <60 | 138 (32.62) | 761 (42.37) | <0.001 |
| 60–69 | 218 (51.54) | 842 (46.88) | |
| ≥70 | 67 (15.84) | 193 (10.75) | |
| Sex | <0.001 | ||
| Male | 411 (97.16) | 1630 (90.76) | |
| Female | 12 (2.84) | 166 (9.24) | |
| Race/Ethnicity | <.0001 | ||
| White | 175 (41.37) | 1095 (60.97) | |
| Hispanic | 62 (14.66) | 148 (8.24) | |
| Black | 178 (42.08) | 521 (29.01) | |
| Other/Unknown | 8 (1.89) | 32 (1.78) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 0.080 | ||
| <25 | 89 (21.04) | 318 (17.71) | |
| 25–29 | 163 (38.53) | 634 (35.03) | |
| ≥30 | 171 (40.43) | 840 (46.77) | |
| Unknown/missing | 0 (0.00) | 4 (0.22) | |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | |||
| Low | 60 (14.18) | 248 (13.81) | 0.712 |
| High | 349 (82.51) | 1501 (83.57) | |
| Unknown/Missing | 14 (3.31) | 47 (2.62) | |
| Smoking status | <0.001 | ||
| Never smoked | 82 (19.39) | 501 (27.90) | |
| Current smoker | 138 (32.62) | 473 (26.34) | |
| Former smoker | 185 (43.74) | 718 (39.98) | |
| Unknown/missing | 18 (4.26) | 104 (5.79) | |
| Alcohol status | 0.169 | ||
| Never drinker | 26 (6.15) | 151 (8.41) | |
| Current drinker | 211 (49.88) | 891 (49.61) | |
| Former drinker | 166 (39.24) | 639 (35.58) | |
| Unknown/missing | 20 (4.73) | 115 (6.40) | |
| GERD symptoms | 0.047 | ||
| No | 224 (52.96) | 832 (46.33) | |
| Yes | 180 (42.55) | 865 (48.16) | |
| Unknown/missing | 19 (4.49) | 99 (5.51) | |
| Helicobacter pylori | <0.001 | ||
| No | 199 (47.04) | 1377 (76.67) | |
| Yes | 219 (51.77) | 394 (21.94) | |
| Unknown/missing | 5 (1.18) | 25 (1.39) | |
| PPI/H2RA use | 0.076 | ||
| No | 180 (42.55) | 659 (36.69) | |
| Yes | 218 (51.54) | 1010 (56.24) | |
| Unknown/missing | 25 (5.91) | 127 (7.07) | |
| NSAID use | 0.267 | ||
| No | 153 (36.17) | 717 (39.92) | |
| Less than daily | 18 (4.26) | 83 (4.62) | |
| At least daily | 188 (44.44) | 704 (39.20) | |
| Unknown/missing | 64 (15.13) | 292 (16.26) |
BMI: body mass index; GERD: gastroesophageal reflux disease; PPI: proton pump inhibitor; H2RA: histamine-2 receptor antagonist; NSAID: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug