Table 1.
Demographics.
| Practice site/intensive care unit characteristic | Individual institutions, n (%) |
|---|---|
| n = 63 | |
| Institution type | |
| Academic medical center | 23 (37) |
| Community teaching | 22 (35) |
| Community non-teaching | 17 (27) |
| Government | 1 (2) |
| Hospital bed size | |
| < 100 | 3 (5) |
| 101-300 | 11 (14) |
| 301-600 | 26 (41) |
| 601-900 | 17 (27) |
| >900 | 6 (10) |
| ICU beds | |
| <20 | 7 (11) |
| 21-40 | 19 (30) |
| 41-70 | 13 (21) |
| 71-100 | 8 (13) |
| >100 | 16 (25) |
| Number of ICUs, mean ± SD | 4 (2-7) |
| Types of ICUs | |
| Medical | 44 (70) |
| Cardiac | 39 (62) |
| Neurology | 37 (59) |
| Cardiothoracic surgery | 35 (56) |
| Surgical | 37 (59) |
| Trauma | 27 (43) |
| Emergency department | 26 (41) |
| Neonatal | 24 (38) |
| Mixed medical-surgical | 26 (41) |
| Pediatric | 16 (25) |
| Burn | 8 (13) |
| Other | 2 (3) |
| Presence of dedicated critical care pharmacist in each ICU | 46 (73) |
| Critical care pharmacist order verification responsibilities | |
| Entire shift | 16 (25) |
| Part of shift | 13 (21) |
| None | 17 (27) |
| Level of ICU | |
| Level I | 41 (65) |
| Level II | 22 (35) |
| Level III | 0 (0) |
| ICU pharmacist clinical services | |
| Pharmacokinetic dosing | 63 (100) |
| Expanded therapeutic drug monitoring (warfarin, digoxin, phenytoin, enoxaparin) | 60 (95) |
| Profile Review | 63 (100) |
| Participation in rounds with the ICU team | 62 (98) |
| Number of employed critical care pharmacists at institution, mean ± SD | Median (range) |
| Day shift | 4 (1-24) |
| Evening shift | 0 (0-6) |
| Number of employed critical care pharmacists at institution, mean ± SD | Median (range) |
| Night shift | 0 (0-2) |
| Number of critical care pharmacists on service, mean ± SD | |
| Day shift | |
| Weekday | 3 (1-7) |
| Weekend | 1 (0-6) |
| Holiday | 1 (0-6) |
| Evening shift | |
| Weekday | 0 (0-4) |
| Weekend | 0 (0-3) |
| Holiday | 0 (0-3) |
| Night shift | |
| Weekday | 0 (0-2) |
| Weekend | 0 (0-2) |
| Holiday | 0 (0-2) |
| Individual respondent characteristic | All respondents, n (%) (n = 79) |
| Primary area of practice | |
| Mixed medical-surgical | 27 (34) |
| Medical | 18 (23) |
| Emergency department | 5 (6) |
| Surgical | 5 (6) |
| Cardiac | 4 (5) |
| Cardiothoracic surgery | 4 (5) |
| Trauma | 4 (5) |
| Neurology | 4 (5) |
| Other | 6 (8) |
| Number of ICU patients assigned per pharmacist on a typical weekday | |
| <10 | 8 (10) |
| 10-15 | 25 (32) |
| 16-20 | 16 (20) |
| 21-25 | 16 (20) |
| 26-30 | 8 (10) |
| >30 | 4 (5) |
| Other titles held in addition to critical care pharmacist | |
| Supervisor/manager/clinical coordinator | 11 (14) |
| Residency program director/coordinator | 14 (18) |
| Adjunct faculty appointment | 25 (32) |
| Full time faculty appointment | 2 (3) |
| How critical care pharmacist positions are supported | |
| FTE/dose dispensed | 12 (15) |
| FTE/patient days | 5 (6) |
| FTE/patient census | 29 (37) |
| ICU staff request/preference | 28 (35) |
| Percentage of time spent documenting activities | |
| <5% | 10 (13) |
| 5-10% | 18 (23) |
| 11-20% | 20 (25) |
| 21-30% | 12 (15) |
| 31-40% | 10 (13) |
| 41-50% | 3 (4) |
| >50% | 3 (4) |