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. 2022 May 9;52(3):210–219. doi: 10.4041/kjod21.180

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© 2022 The Korean Association of Orthodontists.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Cephalometric landmarks, reference planes, and dentoalveolar linear measurements used in this study. Measurements were measured using the same reference planes at T1 and T2 tracings. a (U6-PP), perpendicular distance between mesiobuccal cusp of maxillary 1st molar and palatal plane (ANS-PNS) (mm); b (U1-PP), perpendicular distance between incisal edge of maxillary central incisor and palatal plane (mm); c (L6-MP), perpendicular distance between mesiobuccal cusp of mandibular 1st molar and mandibular plane (Go-Me) (mm); d (L1-MP), perpendicular distance between incisal edge of mandibular central incisor and mandibular plane (mm).

T1, before treatment; T2, after treatment; S, sella; N, nasion; A, A point; B, B point; Pog, pogonion; Go, gonion; Me, menton; ANS, anterior nasal spine; PNS, posterior nasal spine.