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. 2022 May 9;52(3):210–219. doi: 10.4041/kjod21.180

Table 3.

Comparison of cephalometric measurements among Angle’s Class I, II, and III groups of adult patients with anterior open bite treated by clear aligners without extraction

Measure-ment Class I (n = 44) Class II (n = 16) Class III (n = 9) p-value
T1 T2 T2-T1 p-value T1 T2 T2-T1 p-value T1 T2 T2-T1 p-value
ANB (°) 4.30 ± 2.37 4.17 ± 2.47 0.14 ± 0.39 0.02* 5.51 ± 2.75 5.32 ± 2.75 0.20 ± 0.65 0.25 1.43 ± 1.78 1.58 ± 1.74 0.15 ± 0.35 0.24 0.21
SNA (°) 79.20 ± 3.79 79.24 ± 3.85 0.04 ± 0.13 0.05 78.72 ± 4.06 78.75 ± 4.17 0.03 ± 0.33 0.74 82.08 ± 4.72 82.17 ± 4.8 0.09 ± 0.16 0.14 0.78
SNB (°) 74.90 ± 3.99 75.08 ± 4.02 0.18 ± 0.41 0.006** 73.22 ± 4.04 73.44 ± 4.02 0.22 ± 0.57 0.15 80.64 ± 5.2 80.58 ± 5.14 0.06 ± 0.27 0.51 0.16
OPA (°) 20.96 ± 5.09 21.36 ± 4.86 0.40 ± 1.57a 0.10* 22.11 ± 4.94 24.50 ± 5.52 2.40 ± 2.51b 0.002** 16.83 ± 6.58 14.76 ± 6.41 2.07 ± 1.28c 0.001** < 0.001***
MPA (°) 40.82 ± 7.36 40.42 ± 7.53 0.45 ± 0.67ac 0.001** 44.63 ± 6.35 43.84 ± 6.60 0.80 ± 0.91a 0.003** 35.91 ± 6.61 36.07 ± 5.93 0.16 ± 1.46c 0.76 0.04*
LFH (mm) 72.52 ± 5.66 71.87 ± 5.80 0.65 ± 0.93ac < 0.001*** 71.90 ± 4.93 70.95 ± 5.10 0.95 ± 1.00a 0.002** 74.57 ± 5.09 74.8 ± 5.44 0.23 ± 1.67c 0.69 0.02*
IIA (°) 122.33 ± 8.25 130.70 ± 8.14 9.38 ± 4.88 < 0.001*** 121.19 ± 10.61 132.95 ± 8.73 11.77 ± 9.73 < 0.001*** 127.81 ± 9.87 137.84 ± 8.26 10.04 ± 5.85 < 0.001*** 0.61
U1SNA (°) 101.94 ± 6.20 96.70 ± 6.23 5.24 ± 3.36a < 0.001*** 100.79 ± 6.49 92.02 ± 6.91 8.76 ± 5.71b < 0.001*** 104.75 ± 9.88 102.31 ± 8.74 2.44 ± 2.99a 0.04* 0.003**
IMPA (°) 94.91 ± 7.05 91.19 ± 7.80 3.72 ± 3.29a < 0.001*** 93.38 ± 7.55 91.20 ± 6.04 2.18 ± 6.39a 0.19 91.53 ± 6.56 83.78 ± 7.09 7.75 ± 4.31c < 0.001*** 0.005**
OB (mm) 2.20 ± 1.50 1.10 ± 0.71 3.30 ± 1.46 < 0.001*** 2.55 ± 1.36 1.08 ± 0.96 3.63 ± 1.43 < 0.001*** 1.66 ± 0.56 1.06 ± 0.98 2.72 ± 1.17 < 0.001*** 0.48
OJ (mm) 3.28 ± 1.46 2.71 ± 0.70 0.57 ± 1.41a 0.01* 4.63 ± 2.26 2.63 ± 0.64 2.00 ± 2.22b 0.003** 0.43 ± 1.34 2.26 ± 0.7 1.83 ± 1.29c 0.003** < 0.001***
U6-PP (mm) 24.88 ± 2.23 24.49 ± 2.23 0.39 ± 0.51a < 0.001*** 24.35 ± 2.50 23.79 ± 2.55 0.56 ± 0.51a < 0.001*** 26.66 ± 2.35 26.81 ± 2.22 0.14 ± 0.74c 0.58 0.01*
U1-PP (mm) 29.72 ± 2.84 30.89 ± 2.91 1.16 ± 0.86ac < 0.001*** 29.44 ± 2.65 31.20 ± 2.97 1.76 ± 1.00a < 0.001*** 30.85 ± 3.16 31.27 ± 3.2 0.42 ± 0.48c 0.03* 0.002**
L6-MP (mm) 33.98 ± 2.94 33.82 ± 2.92 0.16 ± 0.47 0.03* 33.12 ± 2.47 33.07 ± 2.58 0.05 ± 0.39 0.62 34.49 ± 2.47 34.47 ± 2.8 0.03 ± 0.62 0.90 0.59
L1-MP (mm) 37.46 ± 3.25 38.81 ± 3.43 1.35 ± 0.94a < 0.001*** 35.67 ± 3.15 36.28 ± 3.23 0.61 ± 1.53a 0.13 40.07 ± 2.62 42.84 ± 3.47 2.77 ± 1.37c < 0.001*** < 0.001***

Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation.

T1, before treatment; T2, after treatment.

*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.

Intragroup comparison of T2-T1 difference (paired-sample t-test; significance at p < 0.05).

ANOVA for cephalometric changes across Class I, Class II, and Class III groups; values with different superscript letters are significantly different.

See Figure 1 and Table 2 for definitions of each measurement.