Table 2.
Clinical parameters associated with mortality in a competing risk model, stratified by sex.
| Characteristics | Univariate |
Multivariate |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| sHR (95% CI) | p value | sHR (95% CI) | p value | |
| Female patients | ||||
| Age (years) | 0.99 (0.97–1.004) | 0.13 | 1.00 (0.98–1.02) | 0.72 |
| Cirrhosis aetiology | ||||
| Alcohol | 1.31 (0.84–2.05) | 0.23 | ||
| Hepatitis C | 0.76 (0.50–1.16) | 0.20 | ||
| Hepatitis B | 1.78 (0.83–3.82) | 0.14 | ||
| NASH | 1.38 (0.93–2.06) | 0.11 | ||
| ALD | 0.58 (0.35–0.96) | 0.03 | 0.47 (0.27–0.80) | 0.005 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 0.96 (0.92–0.99) | 0.01 | 0.98 (0.94–1.01) | 0.18 |
| MELD score | 1.03 (1.01–1.06) | 0.008 | 1.05 (1.02–1.09) | 0.003 |
| Refractory ascites | 2.55 (1.44–4.51) | 0.001 | 2.48 (1.29–4.78) | 0.007 |
| Sodium (mmol/L) | 0.99 (0.96–1.03) | 0.67 | ||
| Encephalopathy | 2.42 (1.51–3.88) | <0.001 | 2.29 (1.31–3.98) | 0.003 |
| Variceal bleeding | 3.93 (1.67–9.25) | 0.002 | 2.85 (1.11–7.37) | 0.03 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 0.99 (0.96–1.02) | 0.57 | ||
| SAT cross-sectional area (cm2) | 1.00 (0.99–1.002) | |||
| SAT index (cm2/m2) | 1.00 (0.99–1.003) | 0.75 | ||
| HCC | 1.18 (0.80–1.74) | 0.41 | ||
| Sarcopenia∗ | 1.39 (0.92–2.10) | 0.12 | ||
| High SAT radiodensity (>-83 HU) |
1.87 (1.29–2.70) |
0.001 |
1.84 (1.20–2.85) |
0.006 |
| Male patients | ||||
| Age (years) | 1.00 (0.98–1.01) | 0.74 | 1.00 (0.99–1.02) | 0.79 |
| Cirrhosis aetiology | ||||
| Alcohol | 0.99 (0.74–1.34) | 0.97 | ||
| Hepatitis C | 1.00 (0.77–1.30) | 0.99 | ||
| Hepatitis B | 0.89 (0.52–1.51) | 0.66 | ||
| NASH | 1.16 (0.83–1.61) | 0.39 | ||
| ALD | 0.36 (0.09–1.38) | 0.14 | ||
| Albumin (g/L) | 1.00 (0.98–1.02) | 0.94 | ||
| MELD score | 1.02 (0.999–1.04) | 0.06 | 1.04 (1.01–1.06) | 0.002 |
| Refractory ascites | 1.38 (1.00–1.90) | 0.05 | 1.26 (0.85–1.87) | 0.24 |
| Sodium (mmol/L) | 1.00 (0.98–1.02) | 0.85 | ||
| Encephalopathy | 1.61 (1.20–2.17) | 0.001 | 1.72 (1.20–2.47) | 0.003 |
| Variceal bleeding | 1.90 (1.28–2.82) | 0.001 | 1.79 (1.13–2.84) | 0.01 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 1.02 (0.99–1.04) | 0.13 | ||
| SAT cross-sectional area (cm2) | 1.00 (0.998–1.001) | 0.98 | ||
| SAT index (cm2/m2) | 1.00 (0.997–1.01) | 0.38 | ||
| HCC | 1.17 (0.90–1.52) | 0.24 | ||
| Sarcopenia∗ | 1.41 (1.08–1.83) | 0.01 | 1.53 (1.15–2.03) | 0.004 |
| High SAT radiodensity (>-74 HU) | 1.58 (1.13–2.21) | 0.007 | 1.51 (1.05–1.18) | 0.03 |
sHRs and p values were estimated using the Fine–Gray sub-distribution hazard model.
ALD, autoimmune liver diseases; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HU, Hounsfield units; MELD, model for end-stage liver disease; NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; SAT, subcutaneous adipose tissue; sHR, sub-distribution hazard ratio; SMI, skeletal muscle index.
∗
Sarcopenia was defined using established cut-offs in patients with cirrhosis as SMI <50 cm2/m2 in males and <39 cm2/m2 in females.17