Table 3.
Distribution of technology behaviors included in the latent class analysis in the 2-class model (N=3981).
| Variable | Class 1 (n=2501; %) | Class 2 (n=1480; %) | P value | |||||
| Family device ownership | ||||||||
|
|
Television | 98.4 a | 89.1 | <.001 | ||||
|
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Computer | 85.9 | 78.8 | <.001 | ||||
|
|
Tablet | 74.9 | 68 | <.001 | ||||
|
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Video game console | 80.8 | 72.2 | <.001 | ||||
|
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Smartphone with internet access | 94.8 | 79.4 | <.001 | ||||
|
|
VRb devices (such as Samsung Gear VR and Oculus) | 15.9 | 28.1 | <.001 | ||||
|
|
Wearable devices (such as smartwatches and fitness trackers) | 34.4 | 32.2 | .15 | ||||
|
|
Personal assistants (such as Alexa and Google Home) | 33.9 | 34.3 | .78 | ||||
| Adolescent device ownership | ||||||||
|
|
Television | 57.2 | 63.4 | <.001 | ||||
|
|
Computer | 40.7 | 54.5 | <.001 | ||||
|
|
Tablet | 41.3 | 46.8 | <.001 | ||||
|
|
Video game console | 48.5 | 53.1 | .005 | ||||
|
|
Smartphone with internet access | 83.2 | 69.7 | <.001 | ||||
|
|
VR devices (such as Samsung Gear VR and Oculus) | 6.8 | 18.5 | <.001 | ||||
|
|
Wearable devices (such as smartwatches and fitness trackers) | 13.4 | 18.2 | <.001 | ||||
|
|
Personal assistants (such as Alexa and Google Home) | 8.9 | 11.8 | .003 | ||||
| Adolescent device access in bedroom | ||||||||
|
|
Television | 71.8 | 69.2 | .08 | ||||
|
|
Computer | 37.9 | 52.4 | <.001 | ||||
|
|
Tablet | 38.9 | 45.5 | <.001 | ||||
|
|
Video game console | 42.3 | 51.1 | <.001 | ||||
|
|
Smartphone with internet access | 76.3 | 66.4 | <.001 | ||||
|
|
VR devices (such as Samsung Gear VR and Oculus) | 5.7 | 16.5 | <.001 | ||||
|
|
Wearable devices (such as smartwatches and fitness trackers) | 11.6 | 16.5 | <.001 | ||||
|
|
Personal assistants (such as Alexa and Google Home) | 8.7 | 12.1 | <.001 | ||||
| Age of first smartphone (years) | <.001 | |||||||
|
|
<11 | 27.7 | 34.4 |
|
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|
|
12-14 | 56.8 | 51.2 |
|
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|
|
15-17 | 10.3 | 12.5 |
|
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|
|
Does not own a smartphone | 5.2 | 1.9 |
|
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| Adolescent social media checking frequency | <.001 | |||||||
|
|
Once a day or more | 71.8 | 87.7 |
|
||||
|
|
Once a week or more | 15.5 | 9.3 |
|
||||
|
|
Less than once a week or never | 12.8 | 2.9 |
|
||||
| Adolescent social media posting frequency | <.001 | |||||||
|
|
Once a day or more | 48.4 | 81.9 |
|
||||
|
|
Once a week or more | 22.1 | 10.9 |
|
||||
|
|
Less than once a week or never | 29.5 | 7.2 |
|
||||
| Adolescent importance of technology interactions | <.001 | |||||||
|
|
Subscale 1: technology to bridge online/offline experiences and preferences | 37.4 | 71.8 |
|
||||
|
|
Subscale 2: technology to assist in going beyond one’s current identity, mood, or environment | 33.2 | 84.5 |
|
||||
|
|
Subscale 3: technology for social connection | 42.8 | 67.7 |
|
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aItalicization denotes the class with the majority percentage for each measure.
bVR: virtual reality.