Figure 5.

Efficacy of vaccines containing F_8–10 haptens against sufentanil. Rats vaccinated with F₁ and F_8–10 conjugate vaccines or CRM control were challenged with 0.008 mg/kg sufentanil, subcutaneous (s.c.). Rats were monitored at 15 min intervals for (A) antinociception by latency to respond on a hot plate, B) oxygen saturation (%), and (C) heart rate. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. Below their respective graphs, significance of each vaccine group vs CRM control is indicated at each time point. Symbols and statistics: *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01 compared to control; p-values are listed for 0.05 ≤ p ≤ 0.1; and “–” indicates no significant difference, 0.10 ≤ p.