Table 2.
Lifestyle factors in initial study and distribution of PWB after 10 years in gender groups
| Lifestyle factors | Men | Women | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Improved PWB | Deteriorated PWB | Improved PWB | Deteriorated PWB | |
| Smoking status, % | ||||
| Current | 21.7 | 26.6* | 10.5 | 9.4 |
| Former | 27.9 | 29.9 | 8.6 | 6.8 |
| Never | 50.5 | 43.5* | 80.9 | 83.8 |
| Cigarettes, number per day, mean (SD) | 17.7 (10.9) | 16.3 (9.9) | 7.5 (6.3) | 8.7 (7.2) |
| Alcohol consumption, % | ||||
| Every day | 5.7 | 5.3 | 1.0 | 1.2 |
| 2–4 times per week | 14.5 | 17.8 | 2.9 | 2.6 |
| Once a week | 19.5 | 16.0 | 7.8 | 8.6 |
| 1–3 times per month | 34.0 | 36.6 | 35.6 | 35.7 |
| Less than once a month | 21.4 | 20.5 | 47.0 | 46.6 |
| Never | 4.8 | 3.8 | 5.7 | 5.4 |
| Alcohol consumption, SAU per week, mean (SD) | 5.31 (7.21) | 6.12 (10.9) | 1.65 (2.28) | 1.38 (2.36*) |
| Physically active, % | 71.7 | 71.2 | 79.1 | 82.8 |
| Physical activity in leisure time, hours per week, mean (SD) | 18.6 (13.0) | 17.7 (11.7) | 19.9 (11.9) | 20.8 (11.9) |
| Nutrition habits % | ||||
| More frequent fresh vegetables, fruit consumption | 45.5 | 45.5 | 61.1 | 61.5 |
| More frequent sweets consumption | 50.2 | 51.1 | 50.7 | 48.7 |
| More frequent porridge, cereals, curd, and cheese consumption | 39.5 | 36.9 | 65.1 | 61.6 |
| More frequent potatoes, meat, boiled vegetables, and eggs consumption | 63.8 | 61.5 | 43.4 | 44.3 |
| More frequent chicken and fish consumption | 51.0 | 57.3* | 46.1 | 51.7* |
| Social activity, % | ||||
| Low | 25.2 | 27.8 | 23.8 | 21.9 |
| Moderate | 37.6 | 32.5 | 37.3 | 41.6 |
| High | 37.1 | 39.7 | 38.9 | 36.5 |
SAU standard alcohol units (drinks), PWB psychological well-being
*p < 0.05
**p < 0.01
***p < 0.001 compared to improved PWB group