Table 3.
OR of higher PWB over 10 years of follow-up according to lifestyle factorsa
| Lifestyle factors | MEN | WOMEN | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | |||||
| n = 1472 | n = 1795 | |||||||
| OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
| Smoking status | ||||||||
| Current | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Former | 1.25 | 0.93–1.69 | 1.30 | 0.95–1.78 | 1.67 | 1.03–2.68 | 1.91 | 1.14–3.21 |
| Never | 1.54 | 1.17–2.05 | 1.43 | 1.07–1.92 | 1.29 | 0.92–1.81 | 1.14 | 0.79–1.66 |
| Alcohol consumption | ||||||||
| Every day | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| 2–4 times per week | 1.27 | 0.75–2.14 | 1.20 | 0.69–2.06 | 0.93 | 0.31–2.81 | 0.77 | 0.23–2.57 |
| Once per week | 1.70 | 1.00–2.87 | 1.53 | 0.88–2.64 | 0.93 | 0.35–2.52 | 0.77 | 0.26–2.29 |
| 1–3 times per month | 1.60 | 0.98–2.62 | 1.45 | 0.87–2.42 | 0.85 | 0.33–2.19 | 0.72 | 0.25–2.04 |
| Less than once per month | 1.43 | 0.85–2.41 | 1.44 | 0.84–2.48 | 0.76 | 0.30–1.96 | 0.72 | 0.25–2.03 |
| Never | 1.34 | 0.66–2.72 | 1.51 | 0.72–3.18 | 0.60 | 0.22–1.68 | 0.64 | 0.21–1.96 |
| Physically active | 1.00 | 0.79–1.27 | 1.03 | 0.81–1.32 | 1.34 | 1.04–1.72 | 1.23 | 0.94–1.63 |
| Social activity | ||||||||
| Low | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Moderate | 1.42 | 1.08–1.87 | 1.20 | 0.90–1.61 | 1.38 | 1.07–1.79 | 1.05 | 0.80–1.39 |
| High | 2.20 | 1.67–2.91 | 1.48 | 1.08–2.02 | 2.50 | 1.91–3.28 | 1.68 | 1.24–2.29 |
| Nutrition status | ||||||||
| More frequent fresh vegetables and fruit consumption | 1.62 | 1.30–2.01 | 1.57 | 1.24–1.97 | 1.58 | 1.29–1.93 | 1.36 | 1.09–1.69 |
| More frequent sweets consumption | 1.25 | 1.01–1.55 | 1.24 | 0.98–1.55 | 0.96 | 0.78–1.17 | 0.97 | 0.78–1.19 |
| More frequent porridge, cereals, cheese consumption | 1.08 | 0.86–1.35 | 1.10 | 0.87–1.39 | 0.98 | 0.80–1.20 | 1.02 | 0.82–1.27 |
| More frequent potatoes, meat, boiled vegetables, eggs consumption | 0.84 | 0.67–1.04 | 0.84 | 0.67–1.06 | 0.80 | 0.65–0.97 | 0.80 | 0.65–0.99 |
| Chicken, fish consumption | 1.01 | 0.82–1.25 | 1.03 | 0.83–1.29 | 0.91 | 0.75–1.10 | 0.87 | 0.71–1.08 |
Model 1 adjusted for age, biological factors (arterial hypertension, body mass index, glucose level, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol). Model 2 adjusted for all the variables in Model 1 plus socioeconomic, social, and socio-demographic factors (marital status, education, employment status, number of children, and membership of social organization), depressive symptoms and CHD
Bold typeface indicates significance
CHD coronary heart disease, CI confidence interval, HDL high density lipoprotein, LDL low density lipoprotein, OR odds ratio, PWB psychological well-being
alifestyle factors in the initial survey