Table 1.
Baseline characteristics, categorized by LPTA at study entry
| Variable | LPTA categories | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inactive (n = 734) |
Insufficiently active (n = 506) |
Sufficiently active (n = 559) |
||
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 75.1 (6.6) | 74.8 (6.0) | 73.9 (5.8) | 0.002* |
| Female, n (%) | 439 (59.8) | 284 (56.1) | 235 (42.0) | < 0.001 |
| Employment, n (%) | 176 (23.9) | 106 (20.9) | 113 (20.2) | 0.097 |
| Living alone n (%) | 183 (24.9) | 122 (24.1) | 122 (21.8) | 0.417 |
| Married, n (%) | 427 (58.5) | 310 (61.6) | 403 (73.1) | < 0.001 |
| Self-rated health- good/ very good, n (%) | 296 (40.3) | 281 (55.5) | 409 (73.2) | < 0.001 |
| Cardiovascular disease, n (%) | 296 (40.3) | 171 (33.8) | 180 (32.2) | 0.002 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 288 (40.1) | 209 (41.6) | 254 (45.7) | 0.127 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| 0 | 75 (10.2) | 68 (13.4) | 82 (14.7) | |
| 1–3 | 538 (73.3) | 366 (72.3) | 435 (77.8) | |
| ≥ 4 | 121 (16.5) | 72 (14.2) | 42 (7.5) | |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 30.3 (5.4) | 29.1 (4.5) | 28.0 (4.0) | < 0.001** |
| Adjusted MMSE score, mean (SD) | 30.5 (3.6) | 30.8 (3.8) | 30.8 (3.8) | 0.213 |
| No functional limitations*, n (%) | 514 (70.0) | 445 (88.0) | 533 (95.3) | < 0.001 |
| GHQ score, mean (SD) | 6.8 (5.5) | 6.7 (2.8) | 5.6 (3.1) | 0.034 |
Values are expressed as n (%) or mean ± SD.* According to Katz's ADL score ≤ 6
Abbreviations: LPTA leisure time physical activity, BMI body mass index, MMSE mini-mental state examination, GHQ general health questionnaire
*ANOVA post-hoc analyses (Bonferroni) significant < 0.05 difference between Inactive and Insufficiently active Vs. Sufficiently active LPTA categories
**ANOVA post-hoc analyses (Bonferroni) significant < 0.05 difference between all 3 LPTA categories