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. 2022 May 19;20:171. doi: 10.1186/s12916-022-02376-3

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visithttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 5 — Mediation analysis for the role of gut microbes in the association between adiposity and insulin resistance-related phenotypes. A The mediation effect of Lachnospiraceae bacterium 3 1 57FAA CT1 on the association between adiposity and HOMA-IR. B The mediation effect of Clostridium hathewayi on the association between adiposity and HOMA-IR. C The mediation effect of Lachnospiraceae bacterium 3 1 57FAA CT1 on the association between adiposity and fasting insulin. D The mediation effect of Megamonas unclassified on the association between adiposity and HbA1c. In the mediation analysis, age, sex, smoking status, alcohol status, education, income, physical activity, total energy intake, Bristol stool score, time interval, and corresponding baseline gut microbes and insulin resistance-related phenotypes were adjusted. ACME, average causal mediation effects; ADE, average direct effect; FDR, false discovery rate; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c