Table 2.

Summary of the Work on Adaptive Metabolic Evolution by Dr. Ingram and His Group

Product	Character	Strain	Titer (g/l)	Yield (g product/g sugar)	Cell density (g/l)	Productivity (g product/[l h])	References
Ethanol	Ethanologenic Escherichia coli	KO3	10.4	0.13	0.03b	0.4	Ohta et al. (1991)
		KO4	52.8	0.56	0.04 b	1.5
	Ethanol tolerance	KO11	52.7	0.38	2.80		Gonzalez et al. (2003), Yomano et al. (1998)
		LY01	61	0.44	4.00
	Fermentation in mineral salts medium	KO11LY168	26.945.5	0.300.51			Jarboe et al. (2007)
	Tolerance to inhibitors in lignocellulosic acid hydrolysate	LY180Various strainsa	∼0.35∼42		0.063.60		Geddes et al. (2014); Miller et al. (2009); Shi et al. (2016); Turner et al. (2011); Wang et al. (2012); Zheng et al. (2012)
	Cellobiose metabolization in ethanologenic E. coli	KO11(pLOI1906)KO11(pLOI1910)	145.4	0.010.51	0.303.10		Moniruzzaman et al. (1997)
Succinate	E. coli C for succinate production under low-O2 condition	KJ012KJ060KJ122	0.7186.5680.89	0.130.920.96	0.302.202.10	0.040.90.84	Jantama, Haupt et al., (2008); Jantama, Zhang et al. (2008); Zhang et al. (2009)
	Succinate production with xylose	KJ122	37.49	0.81	1.80	0.31	Sawisit et al. (2015)
		AS1600a	84.26	0.88	2.14	0.96
l-Alanine	l-Alanine production in mineral salts medium	XZ111XZ132	7.57114.04	0.060.94	2.03	4.04	Zhang et al. (2007)
d-Lactate	d-(−)-Lactic acid production in mineral salts medium	W3110TG114	19.46117.10	0.460.97	0.602.31	0.212.88	Grabar et al. (2006); Zhou et al. (2003)
Malate	Mineral salts medium fermentation	KJ060XZ658	33.41	01.04	1.902.50	0.47	Zhang et al. (2011)

Note. Rows in bold are after adaptation of the strain listed in the above row.

^aHere just shows the strain with highest ethanol production and cell yield among all the adapted strains.

^bg cell weight/g glucose.