Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with newly diagnosed LM (N = 101).
| Sex | |
| Female | 71 (70%) |
| Male | 30 (30%) |
|
| |
| Age (median, range) | 60.8 (21.9–83.3) |
|
| |
| Primary cancer diagnosis | |
| Lung | 44 (44%) |
| EGFR-mutant | 22 (22%) |
| ALK-mutant | 3 (3%) |
| No targetable mutations | 19 (19%) |
| Breast | 35 (35%) |
| Hormone receptor positive | 19 (19%) |
| HER-2 positive | 7 (7%) |
| Triple negative | 9 (9%) |
| GI | 7 (7%) |
| Gynecologic | 3 (3%) |
| Head and neck | 3 (3%) |
| Bladder | 3 (3%) |
| Othera | 6 (6%) |
|
| |
| Brain metastases b | |
| Yes | 72 (71%) |
| No | 29 (29%) |
|
| |
| LM diagnosed by | |
| CSF cytology | 31 (31%) |
| Neuroimaging | 27 (27%) |
| Neuroimaging + CSF cytology | 43 (43%) |
|
| |
| MRI brain with LM b | |
| Yes | 54 (53%) |
| No | 47 (47%) |
|
| |
| MRI spine with LM b | |
| Yes | 36 (36%) |
| No | 54 (53%) |
| Not performed | 11 (11%) |
|
| |
| Reason for LP | |
| Radiographic concern for LM | 47 (47%) |
| Clinical signs and symptoms | |
| Headaches | 15 (15%) |
| Focal neurological deficit | 9 (9%) |
| Encephalopathy | 7 (7%) |
| Nausea/vomiting/dizziness | 6 (6%) |
| Gait instability | 6 (6%) |
| Seizures | 5 (5%) |
| Back pain | 4 (4%) |
| Visual changes | 1 (1%) |
| Urinary incontinence | 1 (1%) |
GI: gastrointestinal, LM: leptomeningeal metastases, LP: lumbar puncture, MRI: magnetic resonance imaging.
a
Includes neuroendocrine (2 patients), prostate (1 patient), renal (1 patient), Merkel cell (1 patient) and sarcoma (1 patient).
b
Closest MRI brain or spine to date of CSF-CTC analysis for that