Fig. 6. Number, surface area and mass concentrations of the growing mode after 48 h as function of (a) CS_background, (b) the initial diameter of the growing mode, and (c) the growth rate, GR. Most of the particles survive with high GR and are scavenged with low GR. Note: the ending diameter is the same (200 nm) for different GRs, while the ending time varies (48 h when GR = 4 nm h⁻¹). The other model inputs are: J₅ = 10 cm⁻³ s⁻¹, duration of NPF = 5 h and σ_geo = 1.7; GR = 4 nm h⁻¹ in (a) and (b), initial diameter of the growing mode = 5 nm in (a) and (c), and CS_background = 0.010 s⁻¹ in (b) and (c).