Table 3.
Prevalence (%) and 95% CI for symptoms of anxiety and depression by age group and sex. The HUNT Study, Norway
| Young-HUNT1 HUNT2 (1995–1997) |
Young-HUNT3 HUNT3 (2006–2008) Prevalence 95% CI |
Young-HUNT4 HUNT4 (2017–2019) |
p value for trend |
||
| Prevalence 95% CI | Prevalence 95% CI | ||||
| Adolescents HSCL-5* |
|||||
| Girls | 13–19 | 21.1 (19.9 to 22.3) | 27.3 (26.0 to 28.7) | 44.4 (42.8 to 45.9) | 0.000 |
| Boys | 13–19 | 10.2 (9.3 to 11.1) | 10.6 (9.7 to 11.6) | 16.5 (15.4 to 17.7) | 0.000 |
| Adults HADS depression† | |||||
| Females | 20–29 | 4.2 (3.7 to 4.8) | 4.6 (3.7 to 5.7) | 10.7 (9.5 to 12.0) | 0.000 |
| 30–39 | 6.9 (6.3 to 7.6) | 6.3 (5.5 to 7.2) | 8.9 (7.9 to 10.1) | 0.004 | |
| 40–49 | 9.3 (8.6 to 10.0) | 7.7 (6.9 to 8.5) | 9.0 (8.2 to 10.0) | 0.377 | |
| 50–59 | 12.3 (11.5 to 13.3) | 9.0 (8.3 to 9.9) | 8.4 (7.7 to 9.3) | 0.000 | |
| 60–69 | 14.2 (13.2 to 15.3) | 8.8 (8.0 to 9.7) | 7.4 (6.7 to 8.2) | 0.000 | |
| 70–79 | 17.5 (16.3 to 18.9) | 12.6 (11.4 to 14.0) | 7.6 (6.8 to 8.5) | 0.000 | |
| Males | 20–29 | 3.9 (3.3 to 4.5) | 5.8 (4.5 to 7.4) | 10.2 (8.7 to 11.9) | 0.000 |
| 30–39 | 6.9 (6.2 to 7.6) | 7.3 (6.2 to 8.6) | 11.6 (10.2 to 13.2) | 0.000 | |
| 40–49 | 10.4 (9.7 to 11.2) | 9.0 (8.0 to 10.0) | 10.2 (9.0 to 11.4) | 0.358 | |
| 50–59 | 13.6 (12.7 to 14.6) | 10.5 (9.6 to 11.4) | 9.4 (8.5 to 10.4) | 0.000 | |
| 60–69 | 13.9 (12.8 to 15.0) | 11.1 (10.2 to 12.1) | 8.4 (7.6 to 9.3) | 0.000 | |
| 70–79 | 16.8 (15.4 to 18.2) | 13.7 (12.4 to 15.2) | 10.5 (9.5 to 11.6) | 0.000 | |
| HADS anxiety† | |||||
| Females | 20–29 | 15.5 (14.4 to 16.5) | 19.1 (17.4 to 21.0) | 32.0 (30.1 to 33.9) | 0.000 |
| 30–39 | 17.1 (16.1 to 18.1) | 17.8 (16.5 to 19.2) | 26.7 (25.1 to 28.4) | 0.000 | |
| 40–49 | 17.9 (17.0 to 18.9) | 17.1 (16.0 to 18.2) | 22.1 (20.8 to 23.4) | 0.000 | |
| 50–59 | 18.6 (17.5 to 19.8) | 18.0 (17.0 to 19.1) | 20.4 (19.3 to 21.6) | 0.028 | |
| 60–69 | 18.0 (16.7 to 19.3) | 16.4 (15.4 to 17.6) | 17.9 (16.8 to 19.0) | 0.896 | |
| 70–79 | 17.2 (15.7 to 18.8) | 17.2 (15.8 to 18.8) | 16.2 (15.0 to 17.4) | 0.290 | |
| Males | 20–29 | 11.9 (10.9 to 13.0) | 12.0 (10.2 to 14.2) | 19.0 (17.0 to 21.2) | 0.000 |
| 30–39 | 12.9 (12.0 to 13.9) | 11.4 (10.0 to 12.9) | 18.8 (17.0 to 20.7) | 0.000 | |
| 40–49 | 14.0 (13.2 to 15.0) | 12.5 (11.4 to 13.7) | 16.5 (15.1 to 18.0) | 0.030 | |
| 50–59 | 12.5 (11.6 to 13.5) | 11.7 (10.8 to 12.7) | 15.2 (14.0 to 16.4) | 0.001 | |
| 60–69 | 9.2 (8.3 to 10.2) | 8.5 (7.6 to 9.4) | 11.0 (10.1 to 12.0) | 0.004 | |
| 70–79 | 9.4 (8.2 to 10.6) | 6.5 (5.6 to 7.6) | 8.4 (7.5 to 9.4) | 0.325 | |
*Hopkins Symptom Checklist-5 (HSCL-5) cut-off ≥2.
†Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) cut-off ≥8.