Table 1.
Patient characteristics according to surgical rib fixation status within 3 days after admission in the original and overlap weights adjusted cohorts
| Patients who did not undergo surgical rib fixation ≤ 3 days after admission (n = 6253) | Patients who underwent surgical rib fixation ≤ 3 days after admission (n = 62) | Standardized difference (%) | Patients who did not undergo surgical rib fixation ≤ 3 days after admission (n = 6253) | Patients who underwent surgical rib fixation ≤ 3 days after admission (n = 62) | Standardized difference (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age: years, mean (SD) | 64.1 (19.8) | 66.6 (14.6) | 65.9 | 66.9 | |||
| Age groups: years, n (%) | 31.5 | ||||||
| < 60 | 2024 (32.4) | 14 (22.6) | (23.2) | (23.2) | 0.0 | ||
| 60–69 | 1199 (19.2) | 17 (27.4) | (25.3) | (25.3) | 0.0 | ||
| 70–79 | 1571 (25.1) | 20 (32.3) | (32.0) | (32.0) | 0.0 | ||
| 80≤ | 1459 (23.3) | 11 (17.7) | (19.5) | (19.5) | 0.0 | ||
| Sex (male), n (%) | 4067 (65.0) | 41 (66.1) | 2.3 | (64.0) | (64.0) | 0.0 | |
| Body mass index: kg/m2, mean (SD) | 22.5 (4.9) | 23.4 (4.8) | 22.9 | 23.4 | |||
| Body mass index groups: kg/m2, n (%) | 27.1 | ||||||
| < 18.5 | 799 (12.8) | 9 (14.5) | (15.2) | (15.2) | 0.0 | ||
| 18.5–24.9 | 3373 (53.9) | 33 (53.2) | (55.4) | (55.4) | 0.0 | ||
| 25–29.9 | 1193 (19.1) | 12 (19.4) | (21.3) | (21.3) | 0.0 | ||
| 30≤ | 241 (3.9) | 5 (8.1) | (8.2) | (8.2) | 0.0 | ||
| Missing | 647 (10.4) | 3 (4.8) | |||||
| Japan Coma Scale, n (%) | 71.7 | ||||||
| 0 (alert) | 1756 (28.1) | 38 (61.3) | (59.6) | (59.6) | 0.0 | ||
| 1–3 (dizziness) | 1392 (22.3) | 9 (14.5) | (14.2) | (14.2) | 0.0 | ||
| 10–30 (somnolence) | 979 (15.7) | 5 (8.1) | (8.6) | (8.6) | 0.0 | ||
| 100–300 (coma) | 2126 (34.0) | 10 (16.1) | (17.5) | (17.5) | 0.0 | ||
| Comorbidities, n (%) | |||||||
| Clinically important traumatic brain injury | 1426 (22.8) | 10 (16.1) | 16.9 | (15.3) | (15.3) | 0.0 | |
| Cervical fracture | 264 (4.2) | 2 (3.2) | 5.3 | (3.4) | (3.4) | 0.0 | |
| Vertebral fracture | 683 (10.9) | 6 (9.7) | 4.1 | (10.2) | (10.2) | 0.0 | |
| Clavicular fracture | 579 (9.3) | 9 (14.5) | 16.3 | (13.6) | (13.6) | 0.0 | |
| Sternal fracture | 170 (2.7) | 4 (6.5) | 17.9 | (6.8) | (6.8) | 0.0 | |
| Scapular fracture | 289 (4.6) | 5 (8.1) | 14.2 | (8.5) | (8.5) | 0.0 | |
| Flail chest | 228 (3.6) | 11 (17.7) | 46.8 | (15.4) | (15.4) | 0.0 | |
| Pelvic fracture | 784 (12.5) | 8 (12.9) | 1.1 | (11.8) | (11.8) | 0.0 | |
| Procedures on admission, n (%) | |||||||
| Catecholamine use | 3153 (50.4) | 40 (64.5) | 28.8 | (63.5) | (63.5) | 0.0 | |
| Chest drainage | 2400 (38.4) | 27 (43.5) | 10.5 | (45.4) | (45.4) | 0.0 | |
| Transfusion | 3412 (54.6) | 45 (72.6) | 38.1 | (72.7) | (72.7) | 0.0 | |
| Transarterial embolization | 1016 (16.2) | 3 (4.8) | 37.8 | (5.2) | (5.2) | 0.0 | |
| Interventions for other organs, n (%) | |||||||
| Craniotomy | 524 (8.2) | 1 (1.6) | 31.4 | (1.8) | (1.8) | 0.0 | |
| Thoracotomy | 285 (4.6) | 17 (27.4) | 65.7 | (27.3) | (27.3) | 0.0 | |
| Laparotomy | 413 (6.6) | 2 (3.2) | 15.7 | (3.6) | (3.6) | 0.0 | |
| Spinal fusion | 125 (2.0) | 0 (0.0) | 20.2 | ||||
| Pelvic ORIF | 207 (3.3) | 6 (9.7) | 26.1 | (8.4) | (8.4) | 0.0 | |
| Surgery to limbs | 587 (9.4) | 13 (21.0) | 32.7 | (20.3) | (20.3) | 0.0 | |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index, n (%) | 37.0 | ||||||
| 0 | 4802 (76.8) | 55 (88.7) | (88.0) | (88.0) | 0.0 | ||
| 1 | 967 (15.5) | 4 (6.5) | (6.9) | (6.9) | 0.0 | ||
| 2 | 331 (5.3) | 1 (1.6) | (1.8) | (1.8) | 0.0 | ||
| 3≤ | 153 (2.4) | 2 (3.2) | (3.3) | (3.3) | 0.0 | ||
| ICD-10-based severity score for trauma, mean (SD) | 9.1 (6.3) | 9.2 (4.5) | 2.7 | 8.9 | 8.9 | 0.0 | |
| ICU admission n, (%) | 5584 (89.3) | 56 (90.3) | 3.4 | (89.6) | (89.6) | 0.0 | |
ICD International Classification of Diseases, ICU intensive care unit, ORIF open reduction and internal fixation, SD standard deviation