Table 3.
DEMOGRAPHIC AND CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RESIDENTS ALLOCATED TO INTERVENTION (N = 1,100) AND INCLUDED IN PRE-POST ANALYSES
| Resident Characteristicsa | Allocated to Intervention Arms (N = 1,100) |
Excluded from Pre-Post Analysesb (n = 108) | Residents Eligible for Pre-Post Analysisb (N = 992) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arm 1 2 hc (n = 319) |
Arm 2 3 hc (n = 323) |
Arm 3 4 hc (n = 350) |
P d | F Statistic or χ2 | |||
| Resident age, mean (SD), y | 77.39 (13.23) | 73.17 (14.06) | 76.23 (13.32) | 79.42 (12.84) | 77.87 (12.86) | .008 | 4.84e |
| Mean differences by arm (CI)f | 1–2; −3.20 (−5.61, −0.78) |
2–3; 1.56 (−0.80, 3.91) |
1–3; −1.64 (−4.00, 0.73) |
||||
| Resident age distribution, n (%) | |||||||
| ≤64 y | 201 (18.27) | 34 (31.48) | 57 (17.87) | 46 (14.24) | 64 (18.29) | ||
| 65–70 y | 130 (11.82) | 12 (11.11) | 41 (12.85) | 38 (11.76) | 39 (11.14) | ||
| 71–80 y | 257 (23.36) | 21 (19.44) | 92 (22.29) | 66 (20.43) | 78 (28.84) | .046 | 18.61g |
| 81–85 y | 147 (13.36) | 16 (14.81) | 41 (12.85) | 43 (13.31) | 47 (13.43) | ||
| 86–89 y | 134 (12.18) | 10 (9.26) | 34 (10.66) | 40 (12.38) | 50 (14.29) | ||
| ≥90 y | 231 (21.00) | 15 (13.89) | 54 (16.93) | 90 (27.86) | 72 (20.57) | ||
| Sex, n (%) | |||||||
| Female | 681 (61.91) | 52 (48.15) | 207 (64.89) | 201 (62.23) | 221 (63.14) | .51 | 0.78g |
| Male | 419 (38.09) | 56 (51.85) | 112 (35.11) | 122 (37.77) | 129 (36.86) | ||
| Race,h n (%) | |||||||
| Asian | 3 (0.27) | 2 (1.85) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (0.31) | 0 (0.00) | ||
| Black | 293 (26.64) | 26 (24.07) | 55 (17.24) | 170 (52.63) | 42 (12.00) | <.001 | 168.94g |
| White | 738 (67.09) | 61 (56.48) | 248 (77.74) | 146 (45.20) | 283 (80.86) | ||
| Other, unknown | 66 (6.00) | 19 (17.59) | 16 (5.03) | 6 (1.86) | 25 (7.14) | ||
| Ethnicity, n (%) | |||||||
| Hispanic or Latino | 24 (2.18) | 0 (0.00) | 7 (2.19) | 3 (0.93) | 14 (4.00) | .033 | 6.18g |
| Not Hispanic or Latino | 1076 (97.82) | 108 (100.00) | 312 (97.81) | 320 (99.07) | 336 (96.00) | ||
| Top diagnoses for intervention sample, n (%) | |||||||
| Difficulty walking | 939 (85.36) | 96 (88.89) | 249 (78.06) | 278 (86.07) | 316 (90.29) | <.001 | 20.00g |
| Muscle weakness/wasting | 903 (82.09) | 87 (80.56) | 264 (82.76) | 239 (73.99) | 313 (89.43) | <.001 | 27.50g |
| Difficulty with swallowing or speech | 594 (54.00) | 26 (24.07) | 213 (66.77) | 143 (44.27) | 212 (60.57) | <.001 | 35.62g |
| Hypertension | 516 (46.91) | 72 (66.67) | 149 (46.71) | 183 (56.66) | 112 (32.00) | <.001 | 42.03g |
| Atherosclerotic heart disease | 483 (43.91) | 52 (48.15) | 149 (46.71) | 150 (46.44) | 132 (37.71) | .027 | 7.24g |
| Alzheimer disease or related dementias | 320 (29.09) | 12 (11.11) | 110 (34.48) | 136 (42.11) | 62 (17.71) | <.001 | 49.27g |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease | 315 (28.64) | 21 (19.44) | 124 (38.87) | 105 (32.51) | 65 (18.57) | <.001 | 34.87g |
| Depression | 257 (23.36) | 25 (23.15) | 80 (25.08) | 94 (29.10) | 58 (16.57) | <.001 | 15.91g |
| Type 2 diabetes | 236 (21.45) | 35 (32.41) | 73 (22.88) | 77 (23.84) | 51 (14.57) | .004 | 10.93g |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 228 (20.73) | 11 (10.19) | 54 (16.93) | 74 (22.91) | 89 (25.43) | .025 | 7.36g |
| Intervention-only length of stay, mean (SD), d | 25.79 (5.85) | 17.80 (7.89) | 26.99 (4.09) | 27.07 (4.18) | 25.98 (5.89) | .0047 | 5.39e |
| Mean differences by arms (CI)f | 1–2; −0.081 (−0.975, 0.814) |
2–3; 1.091 (0.217, 1.966) | 1–3; 1.011 (0.133, 1.888) | ||||
| Total length of stay, mean (SD), d | 1,122.11 (1,299.14) | 18.25 (7.95) | 1,288.60 (1,435.59) | 1,214.55 (1,262.10) | 1,225.69 (1,243.45) | .7424 | 0.30e |
| Mean differences by arms (CI)f | 1–2; 74.04 (−169, 318) | 2–3; −11.13 (−249, 227) | 1–3; 62.91 (−176, 302) | ||||
Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval.
aPercentages may not sum to 100 because of rounding.
bEligibility for pre-post analyses required data from both baseline and intervention time periods. The 108 residents not included in pre-post analyses did not have baseline data.
cIndicates repositioning interval for each Intervention arm. Each arm included 3 nursing homes.
dDenotes arm differences.
eAnalysis of variance used to test for differences among arms.
fMean difference displayed pairwise: arm “x” − arm “y”; value of actual pairwise mean difference; confidence interval (a, b).
gχ2 Used to test for differences among arms.
hAmerican Indian/Alaska Native, 0%; more than one race, 0%; Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, 0%.