Lambie 1999.

Study characteristics
Methods	RCT Country: New Zealand
Participants	Adult patients (age ≥ 18 years) presenting to the ED with musculoskeletal trauma requiring morphine for pain relief
Interventions	Intervention: 111 patients received metoclopramide 10 mg IV Control: 103 patients received 0.9% normal saline Baseline demographic data: mean age of 47 years, 49.5% female Study period: March 1998 to October 1998
Outcomes	Primary outcome: occurrence of vomiting at 120 min Secondary outcomes Number of vomiting episodes at 120 min Occurrence of severe nausea at 120 min Adverse events at 120 min Requirement of rescue antiemetic therapy at 120 min
Notes	Funding support and COIs not reported.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	The authors did not explicitly define how randomization was performed.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	Syringes were created by a pharmacist and coded prior to assignment
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Investigators were blinded to the corresponding codes. The intervention and control medications were identical in appearance.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Blinding of outcome assessors was not stated in the study protocol.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	No patients were lost to follow‐up.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	The study was not preregistered, and no protocol was available.
Other bias	Low risk	None